#!/usr/bin/perl

eval 'exec /usr/bin/perl  -S $0 ${1+"$@"}'
    if 0; # not running under some shell

# This is a program to dump sets of MySQL tables in parallel, via mysqldump or
# SELECT INTO OUTFILE.
#
# This program is copyright (c) 2007 Baron Schwartz.  Feedback and improvements
# are welcome.
#
# THIS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
# WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
# the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
# Foundation, version 2; OR the Perl Artistic License.  On UNIX and similar
# systems, you can issue `man perlgpl' or `man perlartistic' to read these
# licenses.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
# this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
# Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA.

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

our $VERSION = '1.0.7+ymc1';
our $DISTRIB = '1877';
our $SVN_REV = sprintf("%d", map { $_ || 0 } q$Revision: 1871 $ =~ m/(\d+)/g);

# ###########################################################################
# MySQLFind package 1831
# ###########################################################################
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

package MySQLFind;

use Data::Dumper;
$Data::Dumper::Indent    = 0;
$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys = 0;
use English qw(-no_match_vars);


use English qw(-no_match_vars);

sub new {
   my ( $class, %args ) = @_;
   my $self = bless \%args, $class;
   map { die "I need a $_ argument" unless defined $args{$_} } qw(dumper quoter);
   die "Do not pass me a dbh argument" if $args{dbh};
   $self->{engines}->{views} = 1 unless defined $self->{engines}->{views};
   if ( $args{useddl} ) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Will prefer DDL');
   }
   return $self;
}

sub init_timestamp {
   my ( $self, $dbh ) = @_;
   return if $self->{timestamp}->{$dbh}->{now};
   my $sql = 'SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP';
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
   ($self->{timestamp}->{$dbh}->{now}) = $dbh->selectrow_array($sql);
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Current timestamp: $self->{timestamp}->{$dbh}->{now}");
}

sub find_databases {
   my ( $self, $dbh ) = @_;
   return grep {
      $_ !~ m/^(information_schema|lost\+found)$/i
   }  $self->_filter('databases', sub { $_[0] },
         $self->{dumper}->get_databases(
            $dbh,
            $self->{quoter},
            $self->{databases}->{like}));
}

sub find_tables {
   my ( $self, $dbh, %args ) = @_;
   my $views = $self->{engines}->{views};
   my @tables 
      = $self->_filter('engines', sub { $_[0]->{engine} },
         $self->_filter('tables', sub { $_[0]->{name} },
            $self->_fetch_tbl_list($dbh, %args)));
   @tables = grep {
         ( $views || ($_->{engine} ne 'VIEW') )
      } @tables;
   map { $_->{name} =~ s/^[^.]*\.// } @tables; # <database>.<table> => <table> 
   foreach my $crit ( @{$self->{tables}->{status}} ) {
      my ($key, $test) = %$crit;
      @tables
         = grep {
            $self->_test_date($_, $key, $test, $dbh)
         } @tables;
   }
   return map { $_->{name} } @tables;
}

sub find_views {
   my ( $self, $dbh, %args ) = @_;
   my @tables = $self->_fetch_tbl_list($dbh, %args);
   @tables = grep { $_->{engine} eq 'VIEW' } @tables;
   map { $_->{name} =~ s/^[^.]*\.// } @tables; # <database>.<table> => <table> 
   return map { $_->{name} } @tables;
}

sub _use_db {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $new ) = @_;
   if ( !$new ) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('No new DB to use');
      return;
   }
   my $sql = 'SELECT DATABASE()';
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
   my $curr = $dbh->selectrow_array($sql);
   if ( $curr && $new && $curr eq $new ) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Current and new DB are the same');
      return $curr;
   }
   $sql = 'USE ' . $self->{quoter}->quote($new);
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
   $dbh->do($sql);
   return $curr;
}

sub _fetch_tbl_list {
   my ( $self, $dbh, %args ) = @_;
   die "database is required" unless $args{database};
   my $curr_db = $self->_use_db($dbh, $args{database});
   my $need_engine = $self->{engines}->{permit}
        || $self->{engines}->{reject}
        || $self->{engines}->{regexp};
   my $need_status = $self->{tables}->{status};
   if ( $need_status || ($need_engine && !$self->{useddl}) ) {
      my @tables = $self->{dumper}->get_table_status(
         $dbh,
         $self->{quoter},
         $args{database},
         $self->{tables}->{like});
      @tables = map {
         my %hash = %$_;
         $hash{name} = join('.', $args{database}, $hash{name});
         \%hash;
      } @tables;
      return @tables;
   }
   else {
      my @result;
      my @tables = $self->{dumper}->get_table_list(
         $dbh,
         $self->{quoter},
         $args{database},
         $self->{tables}->{like});
      foreach my $tbl ( @tables ) {
         if ( $need_engine && !$tbl->{engine} ) {
            my $struct = $self->{parser}->parse(
               $self->{dumper}->get_create_table(
                  $dbh, $self->{quoter}, $args{database}, $tbl->{name}));
            $tbl->{engine} = $struct->{engine};
         }
         push @result,
         {  name   => join('.', $args{database}, $tbl->{name}),
            engine => $tbl->{engine},
         }
      }
      return @result;
   }
   $self->_use_db($dbh, $curr_db);
}

sub _filter {
   my ( $self, $thing, $sub, @vals ) = @_;
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Filtering $thing list on ", Dumper($self->{$thing}));
   my $permit = $self->{$thing}->{permit};
   my $reject = $self->{$thing}->{reject};
   my $regexp = $self->{$thing}->{regexp};
   return grep {
      my $val = $sub->($_);
      $val = '' unless defined $val;
      if ( $thing eq 'tables' ) {
         (my $tbl = $val) =~ s/^.*\.//;
         ( !$reject || (!$reject->{$val} && !$reject->{$tbl}) )
            && ( !$permit || $permit->{$val} || $permit->{$tbl} )
            && ( !$regexp || $val =~ m/$regexp/ )
      }
      else {
         ( !$reject || !$reject->{$val} )
            && ( !$permit || $permit->{$val} )
            && ( !$regexp || $val =~ m/$regexp/ )
      }
   } @vals;
}

sub _test_date {
   my ( $self, $table, $prop, $test, $dbh ) = @_;
   $prop = lc $prop;
   if ( !defined $table->{$prop} ) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("$prop is not defined");
      return $self->{nullpass};
   }
   my ( $equality, $num ) = $test =~ m/^([+-])?(\d+)$/;
   die "Invalid date test $test for $prop" unless defined $num;
   $self->init_timestamp($dbh);
   my $sql = "SELECT DATE_SUB('$self->{timestamp}->{$dbh}->{now}', "
           . "INTERVAL $num SECOND)";
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
   ($self->{timestamp}->{$dbh}->{$num}) ||= $dbh->selectrow_array($sql);
   my $time = $self->{timestamp}->{$dbh}->{$num};
   return 
         ( $equality eq '-' && $table->{$prop} gt $time )
      || ( $equality eq '+' && $table->{$prop} lt $time )
      || (                     $table->{$prop} eq $time );
}

sub _d {
   my ( $line ) = (caller(0))[2];
   print "# MySQLFind:$line $PID ", @_, "\n";
}

1;

# ###########################################################################
# End MySQLFind package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# DSNParser package 1868
# ###########################################################################
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

package DSNParser;

use DBI;
use Data::Dumper;
$Data::Dumper::Indent    = 0;
$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys = 0;
use English qw(-no_match_vars);

sub new {
   my ( $class, @opts ) = @_;
   my $self = {
      opts => {
         A => {
            desc => 'Default character set',
            dsn  => 'charset',
            copy => 1,
         },
         D => {
            desc => 'Database to use',
            dsn  => 'database',
            copy => 1,
         },
         F => {
            desc => 'Only read default options from the given file',
            dsn  => 'mysql_read_default_file',
            copy => 1,
         },
         h => {
            desc => 'Connect to host',
            dsn  => 'host',
            copy => 1,
         },
         p => {
            desc => 'Password to use when connecting',
            dsn  => 'password',
            copy => 1,
         },
         P => {
            desc => 'Port number to use for connection',
            dsn  => 'port',
            copy => 1,
         },
         S => {
            desc => 'Socket file to use for connection',
            dsn  => 'mysql_socket',
            copy => 1,
         },
         u => {
            desc => 'User for login if not current user',
            dsn  => 'user',
            copy => 1,
         },
      },
   };
   foreach my $opt ( @opts ) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Adding extra property ' . $opt->{key});
      $self->{opts}->{$opt->{key}} = { desc => $opt->{desc}, copy => $opt->{copy} };
   }
   return bless $self, $class;
}

sub prop {
   my ( $self, $prop, $value ) = @_;
   if ( @_ > 2 ) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Setting $prop property");
      $self->{$prop} = $value;
   }
   return $self->{$prop};
}

sub parse {
   my ( $self, $dsn, $prev, $defaults ) = @_;
   if ( !$dsn ) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('No DSN to parse');
      return;
   }
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Parsing $dsn");
   $prev     ||= {};
   $defaults ||= {};
   my %vals;
   my %opts = %{$self->{opts}};
   if ( $dsn !~ m/=/ && (my $p = $self->prop('autokey')) ) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Interpreting $dsn as $p=$dsn");
      $dsn = "$p=$dsn";
   }
   my %hash = map { m/^(.)=(.*)$/g } split(/,/, $dsn);
   foreach my $key ( keys %opts ) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Finding value for $key");
      $vals{$key} = $hash{$key};
      if ( !defined $vals{$key} && defined $prev->{$key} && $opts{$key}->{copy} ) {
         $vals{$key} = $prev->{$key};
         $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Copying value for $key from previous DSN");
      }
      if ( !defined $vals{$key} ) {
         $vals{$key} = $defaults->{$key};
         $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Copying value for $key from defaults");
      }
   }
   foreach my $key ( keys %hash ) {
      die "Unrecognized DSN part '$key' in '$dsn'\n"
         unless exists $opts{$key};
   }
   if ( (my $required = $self->prop('required')) ) {
      foreach my $key ( keys %$required ) {
         die "Missing DSN part '$key' in '$dsn'\n" unless $vals{$key};
      }
   }
   return \%vals;
}

sub as_string {
   my ( $self, $dsn ) = @_;
   return $dsn unless ref $dsn;
   return join(',',
      map  { "$_=" . ($_ eq 'p' ? '...' : $dsn->{$_}) }
      grep { defined $dsn->{$_} && $self->{opts}->{$_} }
      sort keys %$dsn );
}

sub usage {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   my $usage
      = "DSN syntax is key=value[,key=value...]  Allowable DSN keys:\n"
      . "  KEY  COPY  MEANING\n"
      . "  ===  ====  =============================================\n";
   my %opts = %{$self->{opts}};
   foreach my $key ( sort keys %opts ) {
      $usage .= "  $key    "
             .  ($opts{$key}->{copy} ? 'yes   ' : 'no    ')
             .  ($opts{$key}->{desc} || '[No description]')
             . "\n";
   }
   if ( (my $key = $self->prop('autokey')) ) {
      $usage .= "  If the DSN is a bareword, the word is treated as the '$key' key.\n";
   }
   return $usage;
}

sub get_cxn_params {
   my ( $self, $info ) = @_;
   my $dsn;
   my %opts = %{$self->{opts}};
   my $driver = $self->prop('dbidriver') || '';
   if ( $driver eq 'Pg' ) {
      $dsn = 'DBI:Pg:dbname=' . ( $info->{D} || '' ) . ';'
         . join(';', map  { "$opts{$_}->{dsn}=$info->{$_}" }
                     grep { defined $info->{$_} }
                     qw(h P));
   }
   else {
      $dsn = 'DBI:mysql:' . ( $info->{D} || '' ) . ';'
         . join(';', map  { "$opts{$_}->{dsn}=$info->{$_}" }
                     grep { defined $info->{$_} }
                     qw(F h P S A))
         . ';mysql_read_default_group=mysql';
   }
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($dsn);
   return ($dsn, $info->{u}, $info->{p});
}

sub get_dbh {
   my ( $self, $cxn_string, $user, $pass, $opts ) = @_;
   $opts ||= {};
   my $defaults = {
      AutoCommit        => 0,
      RaiseError        => 1,
      PrintError        => 0,
      mysql_enable_utf8 => ($cxn_string =~ m/charset=utf8/ ? 1 : 0),
   };
   @{$defaults}{ keys %$opts } = values %$opts;
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($cxn_string, ' ', $user, ' ', $pass, ' {',
      join(', ', map { "$_=>$defaults->{$_}" } keys %$defaults ), '}');
   my $dbh = DBI->connect($cxn_string, $user, $pass, $defaults);
   if ( my ($charset) = $cxn_string =~ m/charset=(\w+)/ ) {
      my $sql = "/*!40101 SET NAMES $charset*/";
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("$dbh: $sql");
      $dbh->do($sql);
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Enabling charset for STDOUT');
      if ( $charset eq 'utf8' ) {
         binmode(STDOUT, ':utf8')
            or die "Can't binmode(STDOUT, ':utf8'): $OS_ERROR";
      }
      else {
         binmode(STDOUT) or die "Can't binmode(STDOUT): $OS_ERROR";
      }
   }
   my $setvars = $self->prop('setvars');
   if ( $setvars ) {
      my $sql = "SET $setvars";
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("$dbh: $sql");
      $dbh->do($sql);
   }
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('DBH info: ',
      $dbh,
      Dumper($dbh->selectrow_hashref(
         'SELECT DATABASE(), CONNECTION_ID(), VERSION()/*!50038 , @@hostname*/')),
      ' Connection info: ', ($dbh->{mysql_hostinfo} || 'undef'),
      ' Character set info: ',
      Dumper($dbh->selectall_arrayref(
         'SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "character_set%"', { Slice => {}})),
      ' $DBD::mysql::VERSION: ', $DBD::mysql::VERSION,
      ' $DBI::VERSION: ', $DBI::VERSION,
   );
   return $dbh;
}

sub get_hostname {
   my ( $self, $dbh ) = @_;
   if ( my ($host) = ($dbh->{mysql_hostinfo} || '') =~ m/^(\w+) via/ ) {
      return $host;
   }
   my ( $hostname, $one ) = $dbh->selectrow_array(
      'SELECT /*!50038 @@hostname, */ 1');
   return $hostname;
}

sub disconnect {
   my ( $self, $dbh ) = @_;
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && $self->print_active_handles($dbh);
   $dbh->disconnect;
}

sub print_active_handles {
   my ( $self, $thing, $level ) = @_;
   $level ||= 0;
   printf("# Active %sh: %s %s %s\n", $thing->{Type}, "\t" x $level,
      $thing, ($thing->{Type} eq 'st' ? $thing->{Statement} || '' : ''));
   foreach my $handle ( grep {defined} @{ $thing->{ChildHandles} } ) {
      $self->print_active_handles->( $handle, $level + 1 );
   }
}

sub _d {
   my ( $line ) = (caller(0))[2];
   @_ = map { defined $_ ? $_ : 'undef' } @_;
   print "# DSNParser:$line $PID ", @_, "\n";
}

1;

# ###########################################################################
# End DSNParser package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# OptionParser package 1844
# ###########################################################################
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

package OptionParser;

use Getopt::Long;
use List::Util qw(max);
use English qw(-no_match_vars);

sub new {
   my ( $class, @opts ) = @_;
   my %key_seen;
   my %long_seen;
   my %key_for;
   my %defaults;
   my @mutex;
   my @atleast1;
   my %long_for;
   my %disables;
   my %copyfrom;
   unshift @opts,
      { s => 'help',    d => 'Show this help message' },
      { s => 'version', d => 'Output version information and exit' };
   foreach my $opt ( @opts ) {
      if ( ref $opt ) {
         my ( $long, $short ) = $opt->{s} =~ m/^([\w-]+)(?:\|([^!+=]*))?/;
         $opt->{k} = $short || $long;
         $key_for{$long} = $opt->{k};
         $long_for{$opt->{k}} = $long;
         $long_for{$long} = $long;
         $opt->{l} = $long;
         die "Duplicate option $opt->{k}" if $key_seen{$opt->{k}}++;
         die "Duplicate long option $opt->{l}" if $long_seen{$opt->{l}}++;
         $opt->{t} = $short;
         $opt->{n} = $opt->{s} =~ m/!/;
         $opt->{g} ||= 'o';
         if ( (my ($y) = $opt->{s} =~ m/=([mdHhAaz])/) ) {
            $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Option $opt->{k} type: $y");
            $opt->{y} = $y;
            $opt->{s} =~ s/=./=s/;
         }
         if ( $opt->{d} =~ m/required/ ) {
            $opt->{r} = 1;
            $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Option $opt->{k} is required");
         }
         if ( (my ($def) = $opt->{d} =~ m/default\b(?: ([^)]+))?/) ) {
            $defaults{$opt->{k}} = defined $def ? $def : 1;
            $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Option $opt->{k} has a default");
         }
         if ( (my ($dis) = $opt->{d} =~ m/(disables .*)/) ) {
            $disables{$opt->{k}} = [ $class->get_participants($dis) ];
            $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Option $opt->{k} $dis");
         }
      }
      else { # It's an instruction.

         if ( $opt =~ m/at least one|mutually exclusive|one and only one/ ) {
            my @participants = map {
                  die "No such option '$_' in $opt" unless $long_for{$_};
                  $long_for{$_};
               } $class->get_participants($opt);
            if ( $opt =~ m/mutually exclusive|one and only one/ ) {
               push @mutex, \@participants;
               $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d(@participants, ' are mutually exclusive');
            }
            if ( $opt =~ m/at least one|one and only one/ ) {
               push @atleast1, \@participants;
               $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d(@participants, ' require at least one');
            }
         }
         elsif ( $opt =~ m/default to/ ) {
            my @participants = map {
                  die "No such option '$_' in $opt" unless $long_for{$_};
                  $key_for{$_};
               } $class->get_participants($opt);
            $copyfrom{$participants[0]} = $participants[1];
            $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d(@participants, ' copy from each other');
         }

      }
   }

   if ( $ENV{MKDEBUG} ) {
      my $text = do {
         local $RS = undef;
         open my $fh, "<", $PROGRAM_NAME
            or die "Can't open $PROGRAM_NAME: $OS_ERROR";
         <$fh>;
      };
      my %used = map { $_ => 1 } $text =~ m/\$opts\{'?([\w-]+)'?\}/g;
      my @unused;
      my @undefined;
      my %option_exists;
      foreach my $opt ( @opts ) {
         next unless ref $opt;
         my $key = $opt->{k};
         $option_exists{$key}++;
         next if $opt->{l} =~ m/^(?:help|version|defaults-file|database|charset
                                    |password|port|socket|user|host)$/x
              || $disables{$key};
         push @unused, $key unless $used{$key};
      }
      foreach my $key ( keys %used ) {
         push @undefined, $key unless $option_exists{$key};
      }
      if ( @unused || @undefined ) {
         die "The following command-line options are unused: "
            . join(',', @unused)
            . ' The following are undefined: '
            . join(',', @undefined);
      }
   }

   foreach my $dis ( keys %disables ) {
      $disables{$dis} = [ map {
            die "No such option '$_' while processing $dis" unless $long_for{$_};
            $long_for{$_};
         } @{$disables{$dis}} ];
   }

   return bless {
      specs => [ grep { ref $_ } @opts ],
      notes => [],
      instr => [ grep { !ref $_ } @opts ],
      mutex => \@mutex,
      defaults => \%defaults,
      long_for => \%long_for,
      atleast1 => \@atleast1,
      disables => \%disables,
      key_for  => \%key_for,
      copyfrom => \%copyfrom,
      strict   => 1,
      groups   => [ { k => 'o', d => 'Options' } ],
   }, $class;
}

sub get_participants {
   my ( $self, $str ) = @_;
   my @participants;
   foreach my $thing ( $str =~ m/(--?[\w-]+)/g ) {
      if ( (my ($long) = $thing =~ m/--(.+)/) ) {
         push @participants, $long;
      }
      else {
         foreach my $short ( $thing =~ m/([^-])/g ) {
            push @participants, $short;
         }
      }
   }
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Participants for $str: ", @participants);
   return @participants;
}

sub parse {
   my ( $self, %defaults ) = @_;
   my @specs = @{$self->{specs}};
   my %factor_for = (k => 1_024, M => 1_048_576, G => 1_073_741_824);

   my %opt_seen;
   my %vals = %{$self->{defaults}};
   @vals{keys %defaults} = values %defaults;
   foreach my $spec ( @specs ) {
      $vals{$spec->{k}} = undef unless defined $vals{$spec->{k}};
      $opt_seen{$spec->{k}} = 1;
   }

   foreach my $key ( keys %defaults ) {
      die "Cannot set default for non-existent option '$key'\n"
         unless $opt_seen{$key};
   }

   Getopt::Long::Configure('no_ignore_case', 'bundling');
   GetOptions( map { $_->{s} => \$vals{$_->{k}} } @specs )
      or $self->error('Error parsing options');

   if ( $vals{version} ) {
      my $prog = $self->prog;
      printf("%s  Ver %s Distrib %s Changeset %s\n",
         $prog, $main::VERSION, $main::DISTRIB, $main::SVN_REV);
      exit(0);
   }

   if ( @ARGV && $self->{strict} ) {
      $self->error("Unrecognized command-line options @ARGV");
   }

   foreach my $dis ( grep { defined $vals{$_} } keys %{$self->{disables}} ) {
      my @disses = map { $self->{key_for}->{$_} } @{$self->{disables}->{$dis}};
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Unsetting options: ", @disses);
      @vals{@disses} = map { undef } @disses;
   }

   foreach my $spec ( grep { $_->{r} } @specs ) {
      if ( !defined $vals{$spec->{k}} ) {
         $self->error("Required option --$spec->{l} must be specified");
      }
   }

   foreach my $mutex ( @{$self->{mutex}} ) {
      my @set = grep { defined $vals{$self->{key_for}->{$_}} } @$mutex;
      if ( @set > 1 ) {
         my $note = join(', ',
            map { "--$self->{long_for}->{$_}" }
                @{$mutex}[ 0 .. scalar(@$mutex) - 2] );
         $note .= " and --$self->{long_for}->{$mutex->[-1]}"
               . " are mutually exclusive.";
         $self->error($note);
      }
   }

   foreach my $required ( @{$self->{atleast1}} ) {
      my @set = grep { defined $vals{$self->{key_for}->{$_}} } @$required;
      if ( !@set ) {
         my $note = join(', ',
            map { "--$self->{long_for}->{$_}" }
                @{$required}[ 0 .. scalar(@$required) - 2] );
         $note .= " or --$self->{long_for}->{$required->[-1]}";
         $self->error("Specify at least one of $note");
      }
   }

   foreach my $spec ( grep { $_->{y} && defined $vals{$_->{k}} } @specs ) {
      my $val = $vals{$spec->{k}};
      if ( $spec->{y} eq 'm' ) {
         my ( $num, $suffix ) = $val =~ m/(\d+)([a-z])?$/;
         if ( !$suffix ) {
            my ( $s ) = $spec->{d} =~ m/\(suffix (.)\)/;
            $suffix = $s || 's';
            $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("No suffix given; using $suffix for $spec->{k} "
               . "(value: '$val')");
         }
         if ( $suffix =~ m/[smhd]/ ) {
            $val = $suffix eq 's' ? $num            # Seconds
                 : $suffix eq 'm' ? $num * 60       # Minutes
                 : $suffix eq 'h' ? $num * 3600     # Hours
                 :                  $num * 86400;   # Days
            $vals{$spec->{k}} = $val;
            $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Setting option $spec->{k} to $val");
         }
         else {
            $self->error("Invalid --$spec->{l} argument");
         }
      }
      elsif ( $spec->{y} eq 'd' ) {
         $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Parsing option $spec->{y} as a DSN");
         my $from_key = $self->{copyfrom}->{$spec->{k}};
         my $default = {};
         if ( $from_key ) {
            $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Option $spec->{y} DSN copies from option $from_key");
            $default = $self->{dsn}->parse($self->{dsn}->as_string($vals{$from_key}));
         }
         $vals{$spec->{k}} = $self->{dsn}->parse($val, $default);
      }
      elsif ( $spec->{y} eq 'z' ) {
         my ($pre, $num, $factor) = $val =~ m/^([+-])?(\d+)([kMG])?$/;
         if ( defined $num ) {
            if ( $factor ) {
               $num *= $factor_for{$factor};
               $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Setting option $spec->{y} to num * factor");
            }
            $vals{$spec->{k}} = ($pre || '') . $num;
         }
         else {
            $self->error("Invalid --$spec->{l} argument");
         }
      }
   }

   foreach my $spec ( grep { $_->{y} } @specs ) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Treating option $spec->{k} as a list");
      my $val = $vals{$spec->{k}};
      if ( $spec->{y} eq 'H' || (defined $val && $spec->{y} eq 'h') ) {
         $vals{$spec->{k}} = { map { $_ => 1 } split(',', ($val || '')) };
      }
      elsif ( $spec->{y} eq 'A' || (defined $val && $spec->{y} eq 'a') ) {
         $vals{$spec->{k}} = [ split(',', ($val || '')) ];
      }
   }

   return %vals;
}

sub error {
   my ( $self, $note ) = @_;
   $self->{__error__} = 1;
   push @{$self->{notes}}, $note;
}

sub prog {
   (my $prog) = $PROGRAM_NAME =~ m/([.A-Za-z-]+)$/;
   return $prog || $PROGRAM_NAME;
}

sub prompt {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   my $prog   = $self->prog;
   my $prompt = $self->{prompt} || '<options>';
   return "Usage: $prog $prompt\n";
}

sub descr {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   my $prog = $self->prog;
   my $descr  = $prog . ' ' . ($self->{descr} || '')
          . "  For more details, please use the --help option, "
          . "or try 'perldoc $prog' for complete documentation.";
   $descr = join("\n", $descr =~ m/(.{0,80})(?:\s+|$)/g);
   $descr =~ s/ +$//mg;
   return $descr;
}

sub usage_or_errors {
   my ( $self, %opts ) = @_;
   if ( $opts{help} ) {
      print $self->usage(%opts);
      exit(0);
   }
   elsif ( $self->{__error__} ) {
      print $self->errors();
      exit(0);
   }
}

sub errors {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   my $usage = $self->prompt() . "\n";
   if ( (my @notes = @{$self->{notes}}) ) {
      $usage .= join("\n  * ", 'Errors in command-line arguments:', @notes) . "\n";
   }
   return $usage . "\n" . $self->descr();
}

sub usage {
   my ( $self, %vals ) = @_;
   my @specs = @{$self->{specs}};

   my $maxl = max(map { length($_->{l}) + ($_->{n} ? 4 : 0)} @specs);

   my $maxs = max(0,
      map { length($_->{l}) + ($_->{n} ? 4 : 0)}
      grep { $_->{t} } @specs);

   my $lcol = max($maxl, ($maxs + 3));
   my $rcol = 80 - $lcol - 6;
   my $rpad = ' ' x ( 80 - $rcol );

   $maxs = max($lcol - 3, $maxs);

   my $usage = $self->descr() . "\n" . $self->prompt();
   foreach my $g ( @{$self->{groups}} ) {
      $usage .= "\n$g->{d}:\n";
      foreach my $spec (
         sort { $a->{l} cmp $b->{l} } grep { $_->{g} eq $g->{k} } @specs )
      {
         my $long  = $spec->{n} ? "[no]$spec->{l}" : $spec->{l};
         my $short = $spec->{t};
         my $desc  = $spec->{d};
         if ( $spec->{y} && $spec->{y} eq 'm' ) {
            my ($s) = $desc =~ m/\(suffix (.)\)/;
            $s    ||= 's';
            $desc =~ s/\s+\(suffix .\)//;
            $desc .= ".  Optional suffix s=seconds, m=minutes, h=hours, "
                   . "d=days; if no suffix, $s is used.";
         }
         $desc = join("\n$rpad", grep { $_ } $desc =~ m/(.{0,$rcol})(?:\s+|$)/g);
         $desc =~ s/ +$//mg;
         if ( $short ) {
            $usage .= sprintf("  --%-${maxs}s -%s  %s\n", $long, $short, $desc);
         }
         else {
            $usage .= sprintf("  --%-${lcol}s  %s\n", $long, $desc);
         }
      }
   }

   if ( (my @instr = @{$self->{instr}}) ) {
      $usage .= join("\n", map { "  $_" } @instr) . "\n";
   }
   if ( $self->{dsn} ) {
      $usage .= "\n" . $self->{dsn}->usage();
   }
   $usage .= "\nOptions and values after processing arguments:\n";
   foreach my $spec ( sort { $a->{l} cmp $b->{l} } @specs ) {
      my $val   = $vals{$spec->{k}};
      my $type  = $spec->{y} || '';
      my $bool  = $spec->{s} =~ m/^[\w-]+(?:\|[\w-])?!?$/;
      $val      = $bool                     ? ( $val ? 'TRUE' : 'FALSE' )
                : !defined $val             ? '(No value)'
                : $type eq 'd'              ? $self->{dsn}->as_string($val)
                : $type =~ m/H|h/           ? join(',', sort keys %$val)
                : $type =~ m/A|a/           ? join(',', @$val)
                :                             $val;
      $usage .= sprintf("  --%-${lcol}s  %s\n", $spec->{l}, $val);
   }
   return $usage;
}

sub prompt_noecho {
   shift @_ if ref $_[0] eq __PACKAGE__;
   my ( $prompt ) = @_;
   local $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH = 1;
   print $prompt;
   my $response;
   eval {
      require Term::ReadKey;
      Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('noecho');
      chomp($response = <STDIN>);
      Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('normal');
      print "\n";
   };
   if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
      die "Cannot read response; is Term::ReadKey installed? $EVAL_ERROR";
   }
   return $response;
}

sub groups {
   my ( $self, @groups ) = @_;
   push @{$self->{groups}}, @groups;
}

sub _d {
   my ( $line ) = (caller(0))[2];
   print "# OptionParser:$line $PID ", @_, "\n";
}

if ( $ENV{MKDEBUG} ) {
   print '# ', $^X, ' ', $], "\n";
   my $uname = `uname -a`;
   if ( $uname ) {
      $uname =~ s/\s+/ /g;
      print "# $uname\n";
   }
   printf("# %s  Ver %s Distrib %s Changeset %s line %d\n",
      $PROGRAM_NAME, ($main::VERSION || ''), ($main::DISTRIB || ''),
      ($main::SVN_REV || ''), __LINE__);
}

1;

# ###########################################################################
# End OptionParser package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# TableParser package 1841
# ###########################################################################
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

package TableParser;

use English qw(-no_match_vars);

sub new {
   bless {}, shift;
}

sub parse {
   my ( $self, $ddl, $opts ) = @_;

   if ( ref $ddl eq 'ARRAY' ) {
      if ( lc $ddl->[0] eq 'table' ) {
         $ddl = $ddl->[1];
      }
      else {
         return {
            engine => 'VIEW',
         };
      }
   }

   if ( $ddl !~ m/CREATE (?:TEMPORARY )?TABLE `/ ) {
      die "Cannot parse table definition; is ANSI quoting "
         . "enabled or SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE disabled?";
   }

   $ddl =~ s/(`[^`]+`)/\L$1/g;

   my ( $engine ) = $ddl =~ m/\) (?:ENGINE|TYPE)=(\w+)/;
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Storage engine: ', $engine);

   my @defs = $ddl =~ m/^(\s+`.*?),?$/gm;
   my @cols = map { $_ =~ m/`([^`]+)`/g } @defs;
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Columns: ' . join(', ', @cols));

   my %def_for;
   @def_for{@cols} = @defs;

   my (@nums, @null);
   my (%type_for, %is_nullable, %is_numeric, %is_autoinc);
   foreach my $col ( @cols ) {
      my $def = $def_for{$col};
      my ( $type ) = $def =~ m/`[^`]+`\s([a-z]+)/;
      die "Can't determine column type for $def" unless $type;
      $type_for{$col} = $type;
      if ( $type =~ m/(?:(?:tiny|big|medium|small)?int|float|double|decimal|year)/ ) {
         push @nums, $col;
         $is_numeric{$col} = 1;
      }
      if ( $def !~ m/NOT NULL/ ) {
         push @null, $col;
         $is_nullable{$col} = 1;
      }
      $is_autoinc{$col} = $def =~ m/AUTO_INCREMENT/i ? 1 : 0;
   }

   my %keys;
   foreach my $key ( $ddl =~ m/^  ((?:[A-Z]+ )?KEY .*)$/gm ) {

      if ( $engine !~ m/MEMORY|HEAP/ ) {
         $key =~ s/USING HASH/USING BTREE/;
      }

      my ( $type, $cols ) = $key =~ m/(?:USING (\w+))? \((.+)\)/;
      my ( $special ) = $key =~ m/(FULLTEXT|SPATIAL)/;
      $type = $type || $special || 'BTREE';
      if ( $opts->{mysql_version} && $opts->{mysql_version} lt '004001000'
         && $engine =~ m/HEAP|MEMORY/i )
      {
         $type = 'HASH'; # MySQL pre-4.1 supports only HASH indexes on HEAP
      }

      my ($name) = $key =~ m/(PRIMARY|`[^`]*`)/;
      my $unique = $key =~ m/PRIMARY|UNIQUE/ ? 1 : 0;
      my @cols   = grep { m/[^,]/ } split('`', $cols);
      $name      =~ s/`//g;
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Index $name columns: " . join(', ', @cols));

      $keys{$name} = {
         colnames    => $cols,
         cols        => \@cols,
         unique      => $unique,
         is_col      => { map { $_ => 1 } @cols },
         is_nullable => scalar(grep { $is_nullable{$_} } @cols),
         type        => $type,
         name        => $name,
      };
   }

   return {
      cols           => \@cols,
      col_posn       => { map { $cols[$_] => $_ } 0..$#cols },
      is_col         => { map { $_ => 1 } @cols },
      null_cols      => \@null,
      is_nullable    => \%is_nullable,
      is_autoinc     => \%is_autoinc,
      keys           => \%keys,
      defs           => \%def_for,
      numeric_cols   => \@nums,
      is_numeric     => \%is_numeric,
      engine         => $engine,
      type_for       => \%type_for,
   };
}

sub sort_indexes {
   my ( $self, $tbl ) = @_;
   my @indexes
      = sort {
         (($a ne 'PRIMARY') <=> ($b ne 'PRIMARY'))
         || ( !$tbl->{keys}->{$a}->{unique} <=> !$tbl->{keys}->{$b}->{unique} )
         || ( $tbl->{keys}->{$a}->{is_nullable} <=> $tbl->{keys}->{$b}->{is_nullable} )
         || ( scalar(@{$tbl->{keys}->{$a}->{cols}}) <=> scalar(@{$tbl->{keys}->{$b}->{cols}}) )
      }
      grep {
         $tbl->{keys}->{$_}->{type} eq 'BTREE'
      }
      sort keys %{$tbl->{keys}};
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Indexes sorted best-first: ' . join(', ', @indexes));
   return @indexes;
}

sub find_best_index {
   my ( $self, $tbl, $index ) = @_;
   my $best;
   if ( $index ) {
      ($best) = grep { uc $_ eq uc $index } keys %{$tbl->{keys}};
   }
   if ( !$best ) {
      if ( $index ) {
         die "Index '$index' does not exist in table";
      }
      else {
         ($best) = $self->sort_indexes($tbl);
      }
   }
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Best index found is " . ($best || 'undef'));
   return $best;
}

sub find_possible_keys {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $database, $table, $quoter, $where ) = @_;
   return () unless $where;
   my $sql = 'EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM ' . $quoter->quote($database, $table)
      . ' WHERE ' . $where;
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
   my $expl = $dbh->selectrow_hashref($sql);
   $expl = { map { lc($_) => $expl->{$_} } keys %$expl };
   if ( $expl->{possible_keys} ) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("possible_keys=$expl->{possible_keys}");
      my @candidates = split(',', $expl->{possible_keys});
      my %possible   = map { $_ => 1 } @candidates;
      if ( $expl->{key} ) {
         $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("MySQL chose $expl->{key}");
         unshift @candidates, grep { $possible{$_} } split(',', $expl->{key});
         $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Before deduping: ' . join(', ', @candidates));
         my %seen;
         @candidates = grep { !$seen{$_}++ } @candidates;
      }
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Final list: ' . join(', ', @candidates));
      return @candidates;
   }
   else {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('No keys in possible_keys');
      return ();
   }
}

sub _d {
   my ( $line ) = (caller(0))[2];
   print "# TableParser:$line $PID ", @_, "\n";
}

1;

# ###########################################################################
# End TableParser package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# VersionParser package 1755
# ###########################################################################
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

package VersionParser;

use English qw(-no_match_vars);

sub new {
   my ( $class ) = @_;
   bless {}, $class;
}

sub parse {
   my ( $self, $str ) = @_;
   my $result = sprintf('%03d%03d%03d', $str =~ m/(\d+)/g);
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("$str parses to $result");
   return $result;
}

sub version_ge {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $target ) = @_;
   if ( !$self->{$dbh} ) {
      $self->{$dbh} = $self->parse(
         $dbh->selectrow_array('SELECT VERSION()'));
   }
   my $result = $self->{$dbh} ge $self->parse($target) ? 1 : 0;
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("$self->{$dbh} ge $target: $result");
   return $result;
}

sub _d {
   my ( $line ) = (caller(0))[2];
   print "# VersionParser:$line $PID ", @_, "\n";
}

1;

# ###########################################################################
# End VersionParser package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# MySQLDump package 1755
# ###########################################################################
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

package MySQLDump;

use English qw(-no_match_vars);

( our $before = <<'EOF') =~ s/^   //gm;
   /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
   /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
   /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
   /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
   /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
   /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
   /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
   /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
   /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
   /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
EOF

( our $after = <<'EOF') =~ s/^   //gm;
   /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
   /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
   /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
   /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
   /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
   /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
   /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
   /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
EOF

sub new {
   my ( $class ) = @_;
   my $self = bless {}, $class;
   return $self;
}

sub dump {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $quoter, $db, $tbl, $what ) = @_;

   if ( $what eq 'table' ) {
      my $ddl = $self->get_create_table($dbh, $quoter, $db, $tbl);
      if ( $ddl->[0] eq 'table' ) {
         return $before
            . 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ' . $quoter->quote($tbl) . ";\n"
            . $ddl->[1] . ";\n";
      }
      else {
         return 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ' . $quoter->quote($tbl) . ";\n"
            . '/*!50001 DROP VIEW IF EXISTS '
            . $quoter->quote($tbl) . "*/;\n/*!50001 "
            . $self->get_tmp_table($dbh, $quoter, $db, $tbl) . "*/;\n";
      }
   }
   elsif ( $what eq 'triggers' ) {
      my $trgs = $self->get_triggers($dbh, $quoter, $db, $tbl);
      if ( $trgs && @$trgs ) {
         my $result = $before . "\nDELIMITER ;;\n";
         foreach my $trg ( @$trgs ) {
            if ( $trg->{sql_mode} ) {
               $result .= "/*!50003 SET SESSION SQL_MODE=\"$trg->{sql_mode}\" */;;\n";
            }
            $result .= "/*!50003 CREATE */ ";
            if ( $trg->{definer} ) {
               my ( $user, $host )
                  = map { s/'/''/g; "'$_'"; }
                    split('@', $trg->{definer}, 2);
               $result .= "/*!50017 DEFINER=$user\@$host */ ";
            }
            $result .= sprintf("/*!50003 TRIGGER %s %s %s ON %s\nFOR EACH ROW %s */;;\n\n",
               $quoter->quote($trg->{trigger}),
               @{$trg}{qw(timing event)},
               $quoter->quote($trg->{table}),
               $trg->{statement});
         }
         $result .= "DELIMITER ;\n\n/*!50003 SET SESSION SQL_MODE=\@OLD_SQL_MODE */;\n\n";
         return $result;
      }
      else {
         return undef;
      }
   }
   elsif ( $what eq 'view' ) {
      my $ddl = $self->get_create_table($dbh, $quoter, $db, $tbl);
      return '/*!50001 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ' . $quoter->quote($tbl) . "*/;\n"
         . '/*!50001 DROP VIEW IF EXISTS ' . $quoter->quote($tbl) . "*/;\n"
         . '/*!50001 ' . $ddl->[1] . "*/;\n";
   }
   else {
      die "You didn't say what to dump.";
   }
}

sub _use_db {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $quoter, $new ) = @_;
   if ( !$new ) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('No new DB to use');
      return;
   }
   my $sql = 'SELECT DATABASE()';
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
   my $curr = $dbh->selectrow_array($sql);
   if ( $curr && $new && $curr eq $new ) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Current and new DB are the same');
      return $curr;
   }
   $sql = 'USE ' . $quoter->quote($new);
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
   $dbh->do($sql);
   return $curr;
}

sub get_create_table {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $quoter, $db, $tbl ) = @_;
   if ( !$self->{tables}->{$db}->{$tbl} ) {
      my $sql = '/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE := @@SQL_MODE, '
         . '@@SQL_MODE := REPLACE(REPLACE(@@SQL_MODE, "ANSI_QUOTES", ""), ",,", ","), '
         . '@OLD_QUOTE := @@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE, '
         . '@@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE := 1 */';
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
      $dbh->do($sql);
      my $curr_db = $self->_use_db($dbh, $quoter, $db);
      $sql = "SHOW CREATE TABLE " . $quoter->quote($db, $tbl);
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
      my $href = $dbh->selectrow_hashref($sql);
      $self->_use_db($dbh, $quoter, $curr_db);
      $sql = '/*!40101 SET @@SQL_MODE := @OLD_SQL_MODE, '
         . '@@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE := @OLD_QUOTE */';
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
      $dbh->do($sql);
      my ($key) = grep { m/create table/i } keys %$href;
      if ( $key ) {
         $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('This table is a base table');
         $self->{tables}->{$db}->{$tbl} = [ 'table', $href->{$key} ];
      }
      else {
         $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('This table is a view');
         ($key) = grep { m/create view/i } keys %$href;
         $self->{tables}->{$db}->{$tbl} = [ 'view', $href->{$key} ];
      }
   }
   return $self->{tables}->{$db}->{$tbl};
}

sub get_columns {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $quoter, $db, $tbl ) = @_;
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Get columns for $db.$tbl");
   if ( !$self->{columns}->{$db}->{$tbl} ) {
      my $curr_db = $self->_use_db($dbh, $quoter, $db);
      my $sql = "SHOW COLUMNS FROM " . $quoter->quote($db, $tbl);
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
      my $cols = $dbh->selectall_arrayref($sql, { Slice => {} });
      $self->_use_db($dbh, $quoter, $curr_db);
      $self->{columns}->{$db}->{$tbl} = [
         map {
            my %row;
            @row{ map { lc $_ } keys %$_ } = values %$_;
            \%row;
         } @$cols
      ];
   }
   return $self->{columns}->{$db}->{$tbl};
}

sub get_tmp_table {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $quoter, $db, $tbl ) = @_;
   my $result = 'CREATE TABLE ' . $quoter->quote($tbl) . " (\n";
   $result .= join(",\n",
      map { '  ' . $quoter->quote($_->{field}) . ' ' . $_->{type} }
      @{$self->get_columns($dbh, $quoter, $db, $tbl)});
   $result .= "\n)";
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($result);
   return $result;
}

sub get_triggers {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $quoter, $db, $tbl ) = @_;
   if ( !$self->{triggers}->{$db} ) {
      $self->{triggers}->{$db} = {};
      my $sql = '/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE := @@SQL_MODE, '
         . '@@SQL_MODE := REPLACE(REPLACE(@@SQL_MODE, "ANSI_QUOTES", ""), ",,", ","), '
         . '@OLD_QUOTE := @@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE, '
         . '@@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE := 1 */';
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
      $dbh->do($sql);
      $sql = "SHOW TRIGGERS FROM " . $quoter->quote($db);
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
      my $sth = $dbh->prepare($sql);
      $sth->execute();
      if ( $sth->rows ) {
         my $trgs = $sth->fetchall_arrayref({});
         foreach my $trg (@$trgs) {
            my %trg;
            @trg{ map { lc $_ } keys %$trg } = values %$trg;
            push @{ $self->{triggers}->{$db}->{ $trg{table} } }, \%trg;
         }
      }
      $sql = '/*!40101 SET @@SQL_MODE := @OLD_SQL_MODE, '
         . '@@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE := @OLD_QUOTE */';
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
      $dbh->do($sql);
   }
   return $self->{triggers}->{$db}->{$tbl};
}

sub get_databases {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $quoter, $like ) = @_;
   if ( !$self->{databases} || $like ) {
      my $sql = 'SHOW DATABASES';
      my @params;
      if ( $like ) {
         $sql .= ' LIKE ?';
         push @params, $like;
      }
      my $sth = $dbh->prepare($sql);
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql, @params);
      $sth->execute( @params );
      my @dbs = map { $_->[0] } @{$sth->fetchall_arrayref()};
      $self->{databases} = \@dbs unless $like;
      return @dbs;
   }
   return @{$self->{databases}};
}

sub get_table_status {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $quoter, $db, $like ) = @_;
   if ( !$self->{table_status}->{$db} || $like ) {
      my $sql = "SHOW TABLE STATUS FROM " . $quoter->quote($db);
      my @params;
      if ( $like ) {
         $sql .= ' LIKE ?';
         push @params, $like;
      }
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql, @params);
      my $sth = $dbh->prepare($sql);
      $sth->execute(@params);
      my @tables = @{$sth->fetchall_arrayref({})};
      @tables = map {
         my %tbl; # Make a copy with lowercased keys
         @tbl{ map { lc $_ } keys %$_ } = values %$_;
         $tbl{engine} ||= $tbl{type} || $tbl{comment};
         delete $tbl{type};
         \%tbl;
      } @tables;
      $self->{table_status}->{$db} = \@tables unless $like;
      return @tables;
   }
   return @{$self->{table_status}->{$db}};
}

sub get_table_list {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $quoter, $db, $like ) = @_;
   if ( !$self->{table_list}->{$db} || $like ) {
      my $sql = "SHOW /*!50002 FULL*/ TABLES FROM " . $quoter->quote($db);
      my @params;
      if ( $like ) {
         $sql .= ' LIKE ?';
         push @params, $like;
      }
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql, @params);
      my $sth = $dbh->prepare($sql);
      $sth->execute(@params);
      my @tables = @{$sth->fetchall_arrayref()};
      @tables = map {
         my %tbl = (
            name   => $_->[0],
            engine => ($_->[1] || '') eq 'VIEW' ? 'VIEW' : '',
         );
         \%tbl;
      } @tables;
      $self->{table_list}->{$db} = \@tables unless $like;
      return @tables;
   }
   return @{$self->{table_list}->{$db}};
}


sub _d {
   my ( $line ) = (caller(0))[2];
   @_ = map { (my $temp = $_) =~ s/\n/\n# /g; $temp; } @_;
   print "# MySQLDump:$line $PID ", @_, "\n";
}

1;

# ###########################################################################
# End MySQLDump package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# TableChunker package 1755
# ###########################################################################
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

package TableChunker;

use English qw(-no_match_vars);
use POSIX qw(ceil);
use List::Util qw(min max);

sub new {
   my ( $class, %args ) = @_;
   die "I need a quoter" unless $args{quoter};
   bless { %args }, $class;
}

my $EPOCH      = '1970-01-01';
my %int_types  = map { $_ => 1 }
   qw( bigint date datetime int mediumint smallint time timestamp tinyint year );
my %real_types = map { $_ => 1 }
   qw( decimal double float );

sub find_chunk_columns {
   my ( $self, $table, $opts ) = @_;
   $opts ||= {};

   my %prefer;
   if ( $opts->{possible_keys} && @{$opts->{possible_keys}} ) {
      my $i = 1;
      %prefer = map { $_ => $i++ } @{$opts->{possible_keys}};
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Preferred indexes for chunking: "
         . join(', ', @{$opts->{possible_keys}}));
   }

   my @candidate_cols;

   my @possible_keys = grep { $_->{type} eq 'BTREE' } values %{$table->{keys}};
   @possible_keys = sort {
      ($prefer{$a->{name}} || 9999) <=> ($prefer{$b->{name}} || 9999)
   } @possible_keys;
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Possible keys in order: '
      . join(', ', map { $_->{name} } @possible_keys));

   my $can_chunk_exact = 0;
   if ($opts->{exact}) {
      @candidate_cols =
         grep {
            $int_types{$table->{type_for}->{$_}}
            || $real_types{$table->{type_for}->{$_}}
         }
         map  { $_->{cols}->[0] }
         grep { $_->{unique} && @{$_->{cols}} == 1 }
              @possible_keys;
      if ( @candidate_cols ) {
         $can_chunk_exact = 1;
      }
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Exact chunkable: ' . join(', ', @candidate_cols));
   }

   if ( !@candidate_cols ) {
      @candidate_cols =
         grep {
            $int_types{$table->{type_for}->{$_}}
            || $real_types{$table->{type_for}->{$_}}
         }
         map { $_->{cols}->[0] }
         @possible_keys;
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Inexact chunkable: ' . join(', ', @candidate_cols));
   }

   my @result;
   if ( !%prefer ) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Ordering columns by order in tbl, PK first');
      if ( $table->{keys}->{PRIMARY} ) {
         my $pk_first_col = $table->{keys}->{PRIMARY}->{cols}->[0];
         @result = grep { $_ eq $pk_first_col } @candidate_cols;
         @candidate_cols = grep { $_ ne $pk_first_col } @candidate_cols;
      }
      my $i = 0;
      my %col_pos = map { $_ => $i++ } @{$table->{cols}};
      push @result, sort { $col_pos{$a} <=> $col_pos{$b} } @candidate_cols;
   }
   else {
      @result = @candidate_cols;
   }
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Chunkable columns: ' . join(', ', @result));
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Can chunk exactly: $can_chunk_exact");

   return ($can_chunk_exact, \@result);
}

sub calculate_chunks {
   my ( $self, %args ) = @_;
   foreach my $arg ( qw(table col min max rows_in_range size dbh) ) {
      die "Required argument $arg not given or undefined"
         unless defined $args{$arg};
   }
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Arguments: "
      . join(', ',
         map { "$_=" . (defined $args{$_} ? $args{$_} : 'undef') } keys %args));

   my @chunks;
   my ($range_func, $start_point, $end_point);
   my $col_type = $args{table}->{type_for}->{$args{col}};
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Chunking on $args{col} ($col_type)");


   if ( $col_type =~ m/(?:int|year|float|double|decimal)$/ ) {
      $start_point = $args{min};
      $end_point   = $args{max};
      $range_func  = 'range_num';
   }
   elsif ( $col_type eq 'timestamp' ) {
      my $sql = "SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('$args{min}'), UNIX_TIMESTAMP('$args{max}')";
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
      ($start_point, $end_point) = $args{dbh}->selectrow_array($sql);
      $range_func  = 'range_timestamp';
   }
   elsif ( $col_type eq 'date' ) {
      my $sql = "SELECT TO_DAYS('$args{min}'), TO_DAYS('$args{max}')";
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
      ($start_point, $end_point) = $args{dbh}->selectrow_array($sql);
      $range_func  = 'range_date';
   }
   elsif ( $col_type eq 'time' ) {
      my $sql = "SELECT TIME_TO_SEC('$args{min}'), TIME_TO_SEC('$args{max}')";
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
      ($start_point, $end_point) = $args{dbh}->selectrow_array($sql);
      $range_func  = 'range_time';
   }
   elsif ( $col_type eq 'datetime' ) {
      $start_point = $self->timestampdiff($args{dbh}, $args{min});
      $end_point   = $self->timestampdiff($args{dbh}, $args{max});
      $range_func  = 'range_datetime';
   }
   else {
      die "I don't know how to chunk $col_type\n";
   }

   if ( !defined $start_point ) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Start point is undefined');
      $start_point = 0;
   }
   if ( !defined $end_point || $end_point < $start_point ) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('End point is undefined or before start point');
      $end_point = 0;
   }
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Start and end of chunk range: $start_point, $end_point");

   my $interval = $args{size} * ($end_point - $start_point) / $args{rows_in_range};
   if ( $int_types{$col_type} ) {
      $interval = ceil($interval);
   }
   $interval ||= $args{size};
   if ( $args{exact} ) {
      $interval = $args{size};
   }
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Chunk interval: $interval units");

   my $col = "`$args{col}`";
   if ( $start_point < $end_point ) {
      my ( $beg, $end );
      my $iter = 0;
      for ( my $i = $start_point; $i < $end_point; $i += $interval ) {
         ( $beg, $end ) = $self->$range_func($args{dbh}, $i, $interval, $end_point);

         if ( $iter++ == 0 ) {
            push @chunks, "$col < " . $self->quote($end);
         }
         else {
            push @chunks, "$col >= " . $self->quote($beg) . " AND $col < " . $self->quote($end);
         }
      }

      my $nullable = $args{table}->{is_nullable}->{$args{col}};
      pop @chunks;
      if ( @chunks ) {
         push @chunks, "$col >= " . $self->quote($beg);
      }
      else {
         push @chunks, $nullable ? "$col IS NOT NULL" : '1=1';
      }
      if ( $nullable ) {
         push @chunks, "$col IS NULL";
      }

   }
   else {
      push @chunks, '1=1';
   }

   return @chunks;
}

sub get_first_chunkable_column {
   my ( $self, $table, $opts ) = @_;
   my ($exact, $cols) = $self->find_chunk_columns($table, $opts);
   return $cols->[0];
}

sub size_to_rows {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $db, $tbl, $size, $dumper ) = @_;
  
   my ( $num, $suffix ) = $size =~ m/^(\d+)([MGk])?$/;
   if ( $suffix ) { # Convert to bytes.
      $size = $suffix eq 'k' ? $num * 1_024
            : $suffix eq 'M' ? $num * 1_024 * 1_024
            :                  $num * 1_024 * 1_024 * 1_024;
   }
   elsif ( $num ) {
      return $num;
   }
   else {
      die "Invalid size spec $size; must be an integer with optional suffix kMG";
   }

   my @status = $dumper->get_table_status($dbh, $self->{quoter}, $db);
   my ($status) = grep { $_->{name} eq $tbl } @status;
   my $avg_row_length = $status->{avg_row_length};
   return $avg_row_length ? ceil($size / $avg_row_length) : undef;
}

sub get_range_statistics {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $db, $tbl, $col, $where ) = @_;
   my $q = $self->{quoter};
   my $sql = "SELECT MIN(" . $q->quote($col) . "), MAX(" . $q->quote($col)
      . ") FROM " . $q->quote($db, $tbl)
      . ($where ? " WHERE $where" : '');
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
   my ( $min, $max ) = $dbh->selectrow_array($sql);
   $sql = "EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM " . $q->quote($db, $tbl)
      . ($where ? " WHERE $where" : '');
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
   my $expl = $dbh->selectrow_hashref($sql);
   return (
      min           => $min,
      max           => $max,
      rows_in_range => $expl->{rows},
   );
}

sub quote {
   my ( $self, $val ) = @_;
   return $val =~ m/\d[:-]/ ? qq{"$val"} : $val;
}

sub inject_chunks {
   my ( $self, %args ) = @_;
   foreach my $arg ( qw(database table chunks chunk_num query) ) {
      die "$arg is required" unless defined $args{$arg};
   }
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Injecting chunk $args{chunk_num}");
   my $comment = sprintf("/*%s.%s:%d/%d*/",
      $args{database}, $args{table},
      $args{chunk_num} + 1, scalar @{$args{chunks}});
   $args{query} =~ s!/\*PROGRESS_COMMENT\*/!$comment!;
   my $where = "WHERE (" . $args{chunks}->[$args{chunk_num}] . ')';
   if ( $args{where} ) {
      $where .= " AND ($args{where})";
   }
   $args{query} =~ s!/\*WHERE\*/! $where!;
   my $db_tbl = $self->{quoter}->quote(@args{qw(database table)});
   $args{query} =~ s!/\*DB_TBL\*/!$db_tbl!;
   $args{query} =~ s!/\*CHUNK_NUM\*/! $args{chunk_num} AS chunk_num,!;
   return $args{query};
}

sub range_num {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $start, $interval, $max ) = @_;
   my $end = min($max, $start + $interval);
   $start =~ s/\.(\d{5}).*$/.$1/;
   $end   =~ s/\.(\d{5}).*$/.$1/;
   if ( $end > $start ) {
      return ( $start, $end );
   }
   else {
      die "Chunk size is too small: $end !> $start\n";
   }
}

sub range_time {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $start, $interval, $max ) = @_;
   my $sql = "SELECT SEC_TO_TIME($start), SEC_TO_TIME(LEAST($max, $start + $interval))";
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
   return $dbh->selectrow_array($sql);
}

sub range_date {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $start, $interval, $max ) = @_;
   my $sql = "SELECT FROM_DAYS($start), FROM_DAYS(LEAST($max, $start + $interval))";
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
   return $dbh->selectrow_array($sql);
}

sub range_datetime {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $start, $interval, $max ) = @_;
   my $sql = "SELECT DATE_ADD('$EPOCH', INTERVAL $start SECOND), "
       . "DATE_ADD('$EPOCH', INTERVAL LEAST($max, $start + $interval) SECOND)";
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
   return $dbh->selectrow_array($sql);
}

sub range_timestamp {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $start, $interval, $max ) = @_;
   my $sql = "SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME($start), FROM_UNIXTIME(LEAST($max, $start + $interval))";
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
   return $dbh->selectrow_array($sql);
}

sub timestampdiff {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $time ) = @_;
   my $sql = "SELECT (TO_DAYS('$time') * 86400 + TIME_TO_SEC('$time')) "
      . "- TO_DAYS('$EPOCH 00:00:00') * 86400";
   my ( $diff ) = $dbh->selectrow_array($sql);
   $sql = "SELECT DATE_ADD('$EPOCH', INTERVAL $diff SECOND)";
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
   my ( $check ) = $dbh->selectrow_array($sql);
   die <<"   EOF"
   Incorrect datetime math: given $time, calculated $diff but checked to $check.
   This is probably because you are using a version of MySQL that overflows on
   large interval values to DATE_ADD().  If not, please report this as a bug.
   EOF
      unless $check eq $time;
   return $diff;
}

sub _d {
   my ( $line ) = (caller(0))[2];
   print "# TableChunker:$line $PID ", @_, "\n";
}

1;

# ###########################################################################
# End TableChunker package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# Quoter package 1755
# ###########################################################################
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

package Quoter;

use English qw(-no_match_vars);

sub new {
   my ( $class ) = @_;
   bless {}, $class;
}

sub quote {
   my ( $self, @vals ) = @_;
   foreach my $val ( @vals ) {
      $val =~ s/`/``/g;
   }
   return join('.', map { '`' . $_ . '`' } @vals);
}

sub quote_val {
   my ( $self, @vals ) = @_;
   return join(', ',
      map {
         if ( defined $_ ) {
            $_ =~ s/(['\\])/\\$1/g;
            $_ eq '' || $_ =~ m/^0|\D/ ? "'$_'" : $_;
         }
         else {
            'NULL';
         }
      } @vals
   );
}

1;

# ###########################################################################
# End Quoter package
# ###########################################################################

package main;

use English qw(-no_match_vars);
use File::Basename qw(dirname);
use File::Spec;
use List::Util qw(max sum);
use POSIX;
use Time::HiRes qw(time);
use Data::Dumper;
$Data::Dumper::Indent    = 0;
$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys = 0;

# Globals -- as few as possible.
my %opts = (
   basedir  => File::Spec->curdir(),
   C        => '',
   gzip     => $OSNAME =~ m/Win32/ ? 0 : 1,
);
my @mysqldump_args;
my $dp = new DSNParser();
my $q  = new Quoter();
my $tp = new TableParser();
my $tc = new TableChunker(quoter => $q);

# ############################################################################
# Get configuration information.
# ############################################################################

eval {
   # Try to read --numthread from the number of CPUs in /proc/cpuinfo.  This
   # only works on GNU/Linux.
   open my $file, "<", "/proc/cpuinfo"
      or die $OS_ERROR;
   local $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR = undef;
   my $contents = <$file>;
   close $file;
   $opts{m} = scalar( map { $_ } $contents =~ m/(processor)/g );
};
$opts{m} ||= $ENV{NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS}; # MSWin32
$opts{m} = max(2, $opts{m} || 0);

# TODO: write out progress, checkpoint, and allow resuming.

my @opt_spec = (
   {  s => 'age=m',
      d => 'Dump only tables modified since this long '
         . 'ago, or not dumped since this long ago' },
   {  s => 'askpass',
      d => 'Prompt for password for connections' },
   {  s => 'basedir=s',
      d => 'Base directory for creating files' },
   {  s => 'binlogpos|b!',
      d => 'Dump the master/slave position (default)' },
   {  s => 'charset|A=s',
      d => 'Default character set' },
   {  s => 'chunksize|C=s',
      d => 'Number of rows or data size to dump per file' },
   {  s => 'csv',
      d => 'Do --tab dump in CSV format (implies --tab)' },
   {  s => 'databases|d=h',
      d => 'Dump only this comma-separated list of databases' },
   {  s => 'dbregex=s',
      d => 'Dump only databases whose names match this pattern' },
   {  s => 'defaultset!',
      d => 'When --sets given, dump tables not in any set' },
   {  s => 'defaults-file|F=s',
      d => 'Only read mysql options from the given file' },
   {  s => 'flushlock|k!',
      d => 'Use FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK (default)' },
   {  s => 'flushlog!',
      d => 'Execute FLUSH LOGS when getting binlog positions' },
   {  s => 'gzip!',
      d => "Compress files with gzip (default $opts{gzip})" },
   {  s => 'host|h=s',
      d => 'Connect to host' },
   {  s => 'ignoredb|g=H',
      d => 'Ignore this comma-separated list of databases' },
   {  s => 'ignoreengine|E=H',
      d => 'Dump no data for this comma-separated list of storage engines '
         . '(default FEDERATED,MRG_MyISAM)' },
   {  s => 'ignoretbl|n=H',
      d => 'Ignore this comma-separated list of tables' },
   {  s => 'locktables!',
      d => 'Use LOCK TABLES (disables --flushlock)' },
   {  s => 'losslessfp|L',
      d => 'Convert double and float to decimal with extra precision so '
         . 'the reinserted values will be equal to the original values.  '
         . 'Requires --tab.' },
   {  s => 'numthread|m=i',
      d => "Number of threads (default $opts{m})" },
   {  s => 'password|p=s',
      d => 'Password to use when connecting' },
   {  s => 'port|P=i',
      d => 'Port number to use for connection' },
   {  s => 'quiet|q',
      d => 'Quiet output; disables --verbose' },
   {  s => 'sets=a',
      d => 'Dump this comma-separated list of sets' },
   {  s => 'setperdb',
      d => 'Dump each database as a separate set' },
   {  s => 'settable=s',
      d => 'database.table where backup sets are stored' },
   {  s => 'setvars=s',
      d => 'Set these MySQL variables (default wait_timeout=10000)' },
   {  s => 'socket|S=s',
      d => 'Socket file to use for connection' },
   {  s => 'tab|T',
      d => 'Dump tab-separated (sets --umask 0)' },
   {  s => 'tables|t=h',
      d => 'Dump only this comma-separated list of tables' },
   {  s => 'test',     ,
      d => 'Print commands instead of executing them' },
   {  s => 'tblregex=s',
      d => 'Dump only tables whose names match this pattern' },
   {  s => 'umask=s',
      d => 'Set umask to this value, in octal' },
   {  s => 'user|u=s',
      d => 'User for login if not current user' },
   {  s => 'verbose|v+',
      d => 'Be verbose; can specify multiple times; default' },
   {  s => 'wait|w=m',
      d => 'Wait limit when server is down (default 5m)' },
   '--locktables and --flushlock are mutually exclusive',
   '--sets and --setperdb are mutually exclusive',
   '--losslessfp requires --tab',
);

my $opt_parser = OptionParser->new(@opt_spec);
$opt_parser->{strict} = 0;
$opt_parser->{prompt} = '<options> [--] <external args>';
$opt_parser->{descr}  = q{dumps sets of MySQL tables simultaneously via }
                      . q{mysqldump or SELECT INTO OUTFILE.};
%opts = $opt_parser->parse(%opts);
$dp->prop('setvars', $opts{setvars});

# ############################################################################
# Process options.
# ############################################################################
$opts{basedir} = File::Spec->rel2abs($opts{basedir});

# Set locking options.
my $lock_all      = $opts{sets} || $opts{locktables} || $opts{setperdb} ? 0 : 1;
$opts{k}          = $lock_all unless defined $opts{k};
$opts{locktables} = !$lock_all unless defined $opts{locktables};

# TODO: modularize these.
if ( !$opts{help} ) {
   if ( $opts{defaultset} && !$opts{sets} ) {
      $opt_parser->error("--defaultset has no effect without --sets");
   }

   if ( !$opts{m} ) {
      $opt_parser->error("You must specify --numthread");
   }

   if ( !$opts{help} && $opts{L} && !$opts{T} ) {
      $opt_parser->error("--losslessfp requires --tab");
   }

   if ( !$opts{help} && $opts{sets} && !$opts{settable} ) {
      $opt_parser->error("--sets requires --settable");
   }

   if ( $opts{T} && @ARGV ) {
      $opt_parser->error("Unused arguments: @ARGV");
   }
}

if ( $opts{csv} ) { # TODO: --csv implies --[no-]tab
   $opts{T} = 1;
}

if ( $opts{T} ) { # TODO: --tab implies --umask 0
   if ( !defined $opts{umask} ) {
      $opts{umask} = 0;
   }
}

if ( defined $opts{umask} ) {
   umask oct($opts{umask});
}

$opt_parser->usage_or_errors(%opts);

# ############################################################################
# Gather connection parameters to pass to mysqldump.  Order matters; mysqldump
# will have a problem if --defaults-file isn't first.
# ############################################################################
if ( !defined $opts{p} && $opts{askpass} ) {
   $opts{p} = OptionParser::prompt_noecho("Enter password: ");
}

my @conn_params = (
   [qw(--defaults-file F)],
   [qw(--host          h)],
   [qw(--password      p)],
   [qw(--port          P)],
   [qw(--socket        S)],
   [qw(--user          u)],
);
@conn_params = map { "$_->[0]='$opts{$_->[1]}'" } grep { defined $opts{$_->[1]} } @conn_params;

# ############################################################################
# Decide on options to mysqldump.
# ############################################################################
if ( !@ARGV && !$opts{T} ) {
   # Choose sensible defaults.  Inspect mysqldump --help to see what options
   # it accepts.
   my $help = `mysqldump --help`;
   if ( $CHILD_ERROR ) {
      exit(1);
   }
   $help =~ s/\A.*?\n----//s;
   my %is_opt = map { $_ => 1 } $help =~ m/^(\w[a-z_-]+)/gm;
   my %skip   = map { $_ => 1 } qw(lock-all-tables lock-tables);
   @mysqldump_args = (
      qw(mysqldump),
      @conn_params,
      (
         map  { $skip{$_} ? "--skip-$_" : "--$_" }
         grep { $is_opt{$_} }
         qw(
            lock-all-tables
            lock-tables
            add-drop-table
            add-locks
            allow-keywords
            comments
            complete-insert
            create-options
            disable-keys
            extended-insert
            quick
            quote-names
            set-charset
            triggers
            tz-utc
            no-create-info
         )
      ),
      qw( '%D' '%N' ),
   );
   if ( $opts{C} ) {
      push @mysqldump_args, qw( --where '%W' );
   }
   if ( $opts{gzip} ) {
      push @mysqldump_args, qw( | gzip --force --fast --stdout - > ),
         '"' . filename('%S', '%D', '%N.%6C.sql.gz') . '"';
   }
   else {
      push @mysqldump_args,
         '--result-file="' . filename('%S', '%D', '%N.%6C.sql') . '"';
   }
}

else {
   @mysqldump_args = @ARGV;
}
$ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Args for mysqldump: ', join(', ', @mysqldump_args));

# ############################################################################
# Connect.
# ############################################################################
my $dbh                  = $dp->get_dbh($dp->get_cxn_params(\%opts));
$dbh->{InactiveDestroy}  = 1;         # Don't die on fork().
$dbh->{FetchHashKeyName} = 'NAME_lc'; # Lowercases all column names for fetchrow_hashref()
my $du                   = new MySQLDump();
my $has_triggers         = VersionParser->new()->version_ge($dbh, '5.0.10');

# This signal handler will do nothing but wake up the sleeping parent process
# and record the exit status and time of the child that exited (as a side
# effect of not discarding the signal).
my %exited_children;
$SIG{CHLD} = sub {
   my $kid;
   while (($kid = waitpid(-1, POSIX::WNOHANG)) > 0) {
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('Process ', $kid, ' exited with ', $CHILD_ERROR);
      # Must right-shift to get the actual exit status of the child.
      $exited_children{$kid}->{exit_status} = $CHILD_ERROR >> 8;
      $exited_children{$kid}->{exit_time}   = time();
   }
};

# ############################################################################
# Lock the whole server if desired.
# ############################################################################
if ( $opts{k} && !$opts{test} ) {
   my $sql = 'FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK';
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
   $dbh->do($sql);
}

# ############################################################################
# Iterate over "sets" of tables.
# ############################################################################
my %tables_in_sets;
my %tables_for_set;
my %stats_for_set;
my %tables_for;
my @views;
my @sets_to_do = $opts{sets} ? unique(@{$opts{sets}}) : ();

# Fetch backup sets from the database.
my $backedup_sth;
if ( $opts{sets} ) {
   foreach my $set ( @sets_to_do ) {
      die "'default' is a reserved set; don't use it\n" if lc $set eq 'default';
      my $sql = "SELECT `db`, `tbl` "
              . "FROM $opts{settable} "
              . "WHERE `setname` = '$set' "
              . ($opts{age}
                 ? "AND `ts` <= DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL $opts{age} SECOND) "
                 : '')
              . "ORDER BY `priority`, `db`, `tbl`";
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
      my $result = $dbh->selectall_arrayref($sql, { Slice => {} } );
      foreach my $row ( @$result ) {
         $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Set $set contains $row->{db}.$row->{tbl}");
         $stats_for_set{$set}->{tables}++;
         $tables_in_sets{$row->{db}}->{$row->{tbl}}++;
         push @{$tables_for_set{$set}}, [ $row->{db}, $row->{tbl} ];
      }
   }
   if ( $opts{age} ) {
      $backedup_sth = $dbh->prepare(
         "UPDATE $opts{settable} AS `mysql_parallel_dump_writable` "
         . "SET `ts` = NOW() WHERE `setname` = ? AND `db` = ? AND `tbl` = ?");
   }
}

my %databases_for;

my %findspec = (
   quoter => $q,
   dumper => $du,
   databases => {
      permit => $opts{d},
      reject => $opts{g},
      regexp => $opts{dbregex},
   },
   tables => {
      permit => $opts{t},
      reject => $opts{n},
      regexp => $opts{tblregex},
   },
   engines => {
      views  => 0,
   },
);
if ( $opts{age} && !$opts{sets} ) {
   push @{$findspec{tables}->{status}}, { Update_time => "+$opts{age}" };
}
my $f  = new MySQLFind(%findspec);

# Do all databases and tables in a 'default' set, possibly excluding those
# that have been included in named sets above.  Or, if --setperdb is
# specified, place each into its own set.
if ( !$opts{sets} || $opts{defaultset} ) {
   foreach my $database ( $f->find_databases($dbh) ) {
      my $set = $opts{setperdb} ? $database : 'default';
      push @{$databases_for{$set}}, $database;
      push @sets_to_do, $set;
   }
   @sets_to_do = unique(@sets_to_do);
}

# ############################################################################
# Do each backup set.
# ############################################################################
SET:
foreach my $set ( @sets_to_do ) {

   if ( !$opts{sets} ) { # Must fetch tables.
      foreach my $database ( @{$databases_for{$set}} ) {
         if ( !$tables_for{$database} ) {
            my @tables = $f->find_tables($dbh, database => $database);
            foreach my $table ( @tables ) {
               push @{$tables_for{$database}}, $table;
            }
            push @views,
               map { [ $database, $_ ] }
                  $f->find_views($dbh, database => $database);
         }
         TABLE:
         foreach my $table ( @{$tables_for{$database}} ) {
            # Skip if in another set
            if ( !$tables_in_sets{$database}->{$table} ) {
               $stats_for_set{$set}->{tables}++;
               $tables_in_sets{$database}->{$table}++;
               push @{$tables_for_set{$set}}, [ $database, $table ];
            }
         }
      }
   }

   if ( !$tables_for_set{$set} || !@{$tables_for_set{$set}} ) {
      info(2, "No tables to do for set $set");
      next SET;
   }
   my $start = time();
   my $stats = $stats_for_set{$set};

   # #########################################################################
   # Lock tables if needed.  Cycle until there are none to lock or we get the
   # lock (some tables could have been dropped between the time we got the
   # list and now).
   # #########################################################################
   if ( $opts{locktables} && !$opts{test} ) {
      my @to_lock;
      my $done;
      do {
         @to_lock = unique(
            map { $q->quote(@$_) . " READ" } @{$tables_for_set{$set}} );
         if ( $backedup_sth ) {
            push @to_lock, "$opts{settable} AS `mysql_parallel_dump_writable` WRITE";
         }
         eval {
            my $sql = 'LOCK TABLES ' . join(', ', @to_lock);
            $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('At time ', time(), ' ', $sql);
            $dbh->do($sql);
            $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('At time ', time(), ' lock succeeded');
            $done = 1;
         };
         if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
            $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($EVAL_ERROR);
            my $err = mysql_error_msg($EVAL_ERROR);
            my ($db, $tbl) = $err =~ m/Table '([^.]+)\.([^.]+)' doesn't exist/;
            if ( $db && $tbl ) {
               $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Removing table $db.$tbl from set $set");
               # Remove the nonexistent table and try again.
               $tables_for_set{$set} = [
                  grep { $_->[0] ne $db || $_->[1] ne $tbl } @{$tables_for_set{$set}}
               ];
               info(0, $err);
            }
            else {
               die "Cannot lock tables: $err";
            }
         }
      } while ( @to_lock && !$done );
   }

   # #########################################################################
   # Flush logs.
   # #########################################################################
   if ( $opts{flushlog} && !$opts{test} ) {
      my $sql = 'FLUSH LOGS';
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
      $dbh->do($sql);
   }

   my @work_to_do;
   foreach my $db_tbl ( @{$tables_for_set{$set}} ) {
      my @chunks = get_chunks($opts{C}, $set, @$db_tbl);
      my $cols   = join(', ', get_columns(@$db_tbl));
      my $i      = 0;
      foreach my $chunk ( @chunks ) {
         my $todo = {
            D => $chunk->{D}, # Database name
            N => $chunk->{N}, # Table name
            S => $chunk->{S}, # Set name
            C => $i++,        # Chunk number
            W => $chunk->{W}, # WHERE clause
            E => $chunk->{E}, # Storage engine
            L => $cols,       # SELECT list
         };
         $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d(Dumper($todo));
         push @work_to_do, $todo;
         $stats_for_set{$set}->{chunks}++;
      }
   }

   # #########################################################################
   # Get the master position.
   # #########################################################################
   if ( $opts{b} && !$opts{test} ) {
      my $filename = filename($set, '00_master_data.sql');
      makedir($filename);
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("Writing to $filename");
      open my $file, ">", $filename or die $OS_ERROR;
      my %wanted = map { $_ => 1 }
         qw(file position master_host master_port master_log_file
         read_master_log_pos relay_log_file relay_log_pos relay_master_log_file
         exec_master_log_pos);

      my ( $master_pos, $slave_pos );
      eval {
         my $sql = 'SHOW MASTER STATUS';
         $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
         $master_pos = $dbh->selectrow_hashref($sql);
      };
      eval {
         my $sql = 'SHOW SLAVE STATUS';
         $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
         $slave_pos = $dbh->selectrow_hashref($sql);
         # by ymc-dabe //FIX: We better use relay_master_log_file and 
         #                    exec_master_log_pos
         #             //SEE: http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2008/07/07/how-show-slave-status-relates-to-change-master-to/
         print {$file} "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='$slave_pos->{master_host}', "
                     . "MASTER_LOG_FILE='$slave_pos->{relay_master_log_file}', "
                     . "MASTER_LOG_POS=$slave_pos->{exec_master_log_pos}\n"
                     or die $OS_ERROR;
      };
      my %hash;
      foreach my $thing ( $master_pos, $slave_pos ) {
         next unless $thing;
         foreach my $key ( grep { $wanted{$_} } sort keys %$thing ) {
            print $file "-- $key $thing->{$key}\n"
               or die $OS_ERROR;
         }
      }

      # Put the details of the chunks into the file.
      foreach my $chunk ( @work_to_do ) {
         print $file "-- CHUNK $chunk->{D} $chunk->{N} $chunk->{C} $chunk->{W}\n"
            or die $OS_ERROR;
      }

      close $file or die $OS_ERROR;
   }

   # #########################################################################
   # Design the format for printing out. TODO: modularize.
   # #########################################################################
   my ( $maxdb, $maxtbl, $maxset);
   $maxdb  = max(8, map { length($_->{D}) } @work_to_do);
   $maxtbl = max(5, map { length($_->{N}) } @work_to_do);
   $maxset = max(3, length($set));
   my $format = "%-${maxset}s %-${maxdb}s %-${maxtbl}s %5s %5s %6s %7s";
   info(2, sprintf($format, qw(SET DATABASE TABLE CHUNK TIME STATUS THREADS)));

   # #########################################################################
   # Assign the work to child processes.  Initially just start --numthreads
   # number of children.  Each child that exits will trigger a new one to start
   # after that.  This is really a terrible hack -- I wish Perl had decent
   # threading support so I could just queue work for a fixed pool of worker
   # threads!
   # #########################################################################

   my %kids;
   while ( @work_to_do || %kids ) {

      # Wait for the MySQL server to become responsive.
      my $tries = 0;
      while ( !$dbh->ping && $tries++ < $opts{w} ) {
         sleep(1);
         eval {
            $dbh = $dp->get_dbh($dp->get_cxn_params(\%opts));
         };
         if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
            info(0, 'Waiting: ' . scalar(localtime)
               . ' ' . mysql_error_msg($EVAL_ERROR));
         }
      }
      if ( $tries >= $opts{w} ) {
         die "Too many retries, exiting.\n";
      }

      # Start a new child process.
      while ( @work_to_do && $opts{m} > keys %kids ) {
         my $todo = shift @work_to_do;
         $todo->{time} = time;
         my $pid = fork();
         die "Can't fork: $OS_ERROR" unless defined $pid;
         if ( $pid ) {              # I'm the parent
            $kids{$pid} = $todo;
         }
         else {                     # I'm the child
            $SIG{CHLD} = 'DEFAULT'; # See bug #1886444
            $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d("$PID got ", Dumper($todo));
            my $exit_status = 0;
            $exit_status = do_table($todo) || $exit_status;
            exit($exit_status);
         }
      }

      # Possibly wait for child.
      my $reaped = 0;
      foreach my $kid ( keys %exited_children ) {
         my $status = $exited_children{$kid};
         my $todo   = $kids{$kid};
         my $stat   = $status->{exit_status};
         if ( !$opts{test} && !$stat && $backedup_sth ) {
            $backedup_sth->execute(@{$todo}{qw(S D N)});
         }
         my $time = $status->{exit_time} - $todo->{time};
         info(2, sprintf($format, @{$todo}{qw(S D N C)},
            sprintf('%.2f', $time), $stat, scalar(keys %kids)));
         $stats->{ $stat ? 'failure' : 'success' }++;
         $stats->{time} += $time;
         delete $kids{$kid};
         delete $exited_children{$kid};
         $reaped = 1;
      }

      if ( !$reaped ) {
         # Don't busy-wait.  But don't wait forever either, as a child may exit
         # and signal while we're not sleeping, so if we sleep forever we may
         # not get the signal.
         $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d('No children reaped, sleeping');
         sleep(1);
      }
   }

   if ( $opts{locktables} && !$opts{test} ) {
      my $sql = 'UNLOCK TABLES';
      $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
      $dbh->do($sql);
      $dbh->commit;
   }

   $stats->{wallclock} = time() - $start;
   info(1, sprintf( (@sets_to_do ? '%12s:          ' : '%s:')
                   . '%5d tables, %5d chunks, %5d successes, %2d failures, '
                   . '%6.2f wall-clock time, %6.2f dump time',
                   $set, $stats->{tables}, $stats->{chunks}, $stats->{success} || 0,
                   $stats->{failure} || 0, $stats->{wallclock},
                   $stats->{time}));
}

# ############################################################################
# Dump views now.
# ############################################################################
if ( @views && !@ARGV && !$opts{test} ) {
   my $filename = filename('default', '00_views');
   my $fspec = $opts{gzip}
      ? "| gzip --force --fast > $filename.sql.gz"
      : "> $filename.sql";
   makedir($filename);
   open my $file, $fspec or die $OS_ERROR;
   print {$file} $MySQLDump::before or die $OS_ERROR;
   foreach my $view ( @views ) {
      print {$file} "USE $view->[0];\n",
         $du->dump($dbh, $q, @$view, 'table') or die $OS_ERROR;
   }
   foreach my $view ( @views ) {
      print {$file} "USE $view->[0];\n",
         $du->dump($dbh, $q, @$view, 'view') or die $OS_ERROR;
   }
   print {$file} $MySQLDump::after or die $OS_ERROR;
   close $file or die $OS_ERROR;
}

if ( !$opts{test} ) {
   my $sql = 'UNLOCK TABLES';
   $ENV{MKDEBUG} && _d($sql);
   $dbh->do($sql);
}
$dbh->commit;
$dbh->disconnect;

if ( @sets_to_do > 1 ) {
   info(1, sprintf(
      'Final result: %2d sets, %5d tables, %5d chunks, '
      . '%5d successes, %2d failures, '
      . '%6.2f wall-clock time, %6.2f dump time',
      scalar(@sets_to_do),
         map {
            my $thing = $_;
            sum(0, map { $_->{$thing} || 0 } values %stats_for_set);
         } qw(tables chunks success failure wallclock time)
      ));
}

# Exit status is 1 if there were any failures.
exit( sum(0, map { $_->{failure} || 0 } values %stats_for_set) ? 1 : 0 );

# ############################################################################
# Subroutines
# ############################################################################

# TODO: modularize.
sub mysql_error_msg {
   my ( $text ) = @_;
   $text =~ s/^.*?failed: (.*?) at \S+ line (\d+).*$/$1 at line $2/s;
   return $text;
}

# Decides on a SELECT list.  For FLOAT and DOUBLE, if lossless floating point
# dumps are desired, wrap the column with REPLACE(FORMAT(col, 17), ',', '').
sub get_columns {
   my ( $db, $tbl ) = @_;
   return '*' unless $opts{L};
   my $table = $tp->parse($du->get_create_table($dbh, $q, $db, $tbl));
   my @cols = map {
      $table->{type_for}->{$_} =~ m/float|double/
         ? sprintf("REPLACE(FORMAT(%s, 17), ',', '')", $q->quote($_))
         : $q->quote($_)
   } @{$table->{cols}};
   return @cols;
}

sub get_chunks {
   my ( $spec, $set, $db, $tbl ) = @_;
   my $table = $tp->parse($du->get_create_table($dbh, $q, $db, $tbl));
   my $cant_chunk = {
      D => $db,
      N => $tbl,
      S => $set,
      W => '1=1',
      E => $table->{engine},
   };
   return $cant_chunk unless $spec;

   my $rows_per_chunk = $tc->size_to_rows($dbh, $db, $tbl, $spec, $du);

   # Get the chunk column candidates
   my $col   = $tc->get_first_chunkable_column($table);
   return $cant_chunk unless $col;
   my %params = $tc->get_range_statistics($dbh, $db, $tbl, $col);
   return $cant_chunk
      if grep { !defined $params{$_} } qw(min max rows_in_range);

   my @chunks = $tc->calculate_chunks(
      dbh      => $dbh,
      table    => $table,
      col      => $col,
      size     => $rows_per_chunk,
      %params,
   );
   return map {
      {
         D => $db,
         N => $tbl,
         S => $set,
         W => $_,
         E => $table->{engine},
      }
   } @chunks;
}

# Prints a message.
sub info {
   my ( $level, $msg ) = @_;
   if ( $level <= ($opts{v} || 0) ) {
      print $msg, "\n";
   }
}

# TODO: modularize
sub unique {
   my %seen;
   grep { !$seen{$_}++ } @_;
}

# Interpolates % directives from a db/tbl hashref.
sub interp {
   my ( $todo, @strings ) = @_;
   map { $_ =~ s/%(\d+)?([SDNCW])/$1 ? sprintf("%0$1d", $todo->{$2}) : $todo->{$2}/ge } @strings;
   return @strings;
}

# Actually dumps a table.
sub do_table {
   my ( $todo ) = @_;

   my $exit_status = 0;
   my $D         = $q->quote($todo->{D});
   my $N         = $q->quote($todo->{N});
   my $filename  = filename(interp($todo, '%S', '%D', '%N.%6C'));

   # Since we're forked we need to create our own DBH.  Not doing so leads to
   # re-using the parent's (global) DBH, which leads to really hard-to-find bugs
   # with forking and zombies.  Bleh.
   my $localdbh  = undef;

   if ( $todo->{C} == 0 && $has_triggers && !$opts{test} ) {
      makedir($filename);
      $localdbh ||= $dp->get_dbh($dp->get_cxn_params(\%opts));
      my $trg = $du->dump($localdbh, $q, $todo->{D}, $todo->{N}, 'triggers');
      if ( $trg ) {
         my $fspec = $opts{gzip}
            ? "| gzip --force --fast > $filename.trg.gz"
            : "> $filename.trg";
         open my $file, $fspec or die "Couldn't open $fspec: $OS_ERROR";
         print {$file} $trg    or die "Couldn't print to $fspec: $OS_ERROR";
         close $file           or die "Couldn't close $fspec: $OS_ERROR";
      }
   }

   # Dump via SELECT INTO OUTFILE.
   if ( $opts{T} ) {
      $localdbh ||= $dp->get_dbh($dp->get_cxn_params(\%opts));

      makedir($filename);

      # Dump the schema before the first chunk.
      if ( !$opts{test} && $todo->{C} == 0 ) {
         # Table definition.
         my $ddl = $du->dump($localdbh, $q, $todo->{D}, $todo->{N}, 'table');
         if ( $ddl ) {
            my $fspec = $opts{gzip}
               ? "| gzip --force --fast > $filename.sql.gz"
               : "> $filename.sql";
            open my $file, $fspec or die "Couldn't open $fspec: $OS_ERROR";
            print {$file} $ddl    or die "Couldn't print to $fspec: $OS_ERROR";
            close $file           or die "Couldn't close $fspec: $OS_ERROR";
         }
      }

      # Dump the data.
      if ( !$opts{E}->{$todo->{E}} ) { # Don't dump data for these engines...
         my $sql
           = $opts{csv}
           ?    "SELECT $todo->{L} INTO OUTFILE '$filename.txt' "
              . "FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '\\\"' "
              . "LINES TERMINATED BY '\\n' FROM $D.$N"
           :    "SELECT $todo->{L} INTO OUTFILE '$filename.txt' "
              . "FROM $D.$N WHERE $todo->{W}";
         if ( $opts{test} ) {
            print $sql, "\n";
         }
         else {
            eval {
               $localdbh->do($sql);
            };
            if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
               die mysql_error_msg($EVAL_ERROR) . "\n";
            }
         }
         if ( $opts{gzip} ) {
            $exit_status = system_call(
               'gzip', '--force', '--fast', qq{"$filename.txt"});
         }
      }
   }
   else {
      # It's either a custom command, or it's a regular SQL dump and we're going
      # to dump data.

      # If the user left the options alone, we can predict the filename and
      # directory naming convention, and ensure the directories exist.
      # Otherwise the user must ensure the directories exist.
      if ( !@ARGV ) {
         makedir(interp($todo, filename('%S', '%D', '%N.%6C.sql')));
      }

      my @args = @mysqldump_args;
      # Do a DROP/CREATE only for the first chunk.
      if ( !@ARGV && $todo->{C} == 0 ) {
         @args = grep { $_ !~ m/--no-create-info/ } @args;
      }

      @args = map { interp($todo, $_) } @args;

      $exit_status = system_call( @args ) || $exit_status;
   }

   $localdbh && $localdbh->disconnect;
   return $exit_status;
}

# Makes a filename.
sub filename {
   my $filename = File::Spec->catfile($opts{basedir}, @_);
   return $filename;
}

{
   # Memoize...
   my %dirs;

   # If the directory doesn't exist, makes the directory.
   sub makedir {
      my ( $filename ) = @_;
      return if $opts{test};
      my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir(dirname($filename));
      foreach my $i ( 0 .. $#dirs ) {
         my $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0 .. $i]);
         if ( !$dirs{$dir} ) {
            if ( ! -d $dir ) {
               mkdir($dir, 0777);
            }
            $dirs{$dir}++;
         }
      }
   }
}

sub system_call {
   my ( @cmd ) = @_;
   my $exit_status = 0;
   if ( $opts{test} ) {
      print join(' ', @cmd), "\n";
   }
   else {
      $exit_status = system(join(' ', @cmd));
      # Must right-shift to get the actual exit status of the command.
      # Otherwise the upstream exit() call that's about to happen will get a
      # larger value than it likes, and will just report zero to waitpid().
      $exit_status = $exit_status >> 8;
   }
   return $exit_status;
}

sub _d {
   my ( $line ) = (caller(0))[2];
   print "# main:$line ", @_, "\n";
}

# ############################################################################
# Documentation.
# ############################################################################

=pod

=head1 NAME

mk-parallel-dump - Dump sets of MySQL tables in parallel.

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  mk-parallel-dump
  mk-parallel-dump --tab --basedir /path/to/backups/
  mk-parallel-dump --sets order,profile,session --settable meta.backupset

=head1 DESCRIPTION

mk-parallel-dump connects to a MySQL server, finds database and table names,
and dumps them in parallel for speed.  It can be used in several pre-packaged
ways, or as a generic wrapper to call some program in parallel, passing it
parameters for each table.  It supports backup sets and dumping only tables that
have changed since the last dump.

To dump all tables to gzipped files in the current directory, each database with
its own directory, with a global read lock, flushing and recording binary log
positions, each table in a single file:

  mk-parallel-dump

To dump tables elsewhere:

  mk-parallel-dump --basedir /path/to/elsewhere

To dump to tab-separated files with C<SELECT INTO OUTFILE>, each table with
separate data and SQL files:

  mk-parallel-dump --tab

To dump one or more backup sets (see L<"BACKUP SETS">):

  mk-parallel-dump --sets set1,set2,set3 --settable meta.backupset

To "write your own command line," use C<--> to indicate where the arguments for
mk-parallel-dump stop and where the arguments for C<mysqldump> (or any other
program) begin.  The following example shows C<mysqldump>, and aside from
simpler options to C<mysqldump>, is basically what happens when you specify no
arguments at all:

  mk-parallel-dump -- mysqldump --skip-lock-tables '%D' '%N' \
     \| gzip --fast -c - \> '%D.%N.gz'

The C<%> modifiers are macros (see L<"MACROS">).  The C<--skip-lock-tables>
argument is very important in that last example, because otherwise both
mk-parallel-dump and C<mysqldump> will lock tables, so C<mysqldump> will hang,
waiting for the locks.  Notice the shell metacharacters C<|> and C<E<gt>> are
escaped so the shell won't interpret them, and they'll get passed through to the
generated command-line.

There's no reason you can't use mk-parallel-dump to do other tasks in
parallel, such as C<OPTIMIZE TABLE>:

  mk-parallel-dump --noflushlock --nolocktables -- mysqlcheck --optimize '%D' '%N'

When you use built-in defaults, mk-parallel-dump will relay these arguments
on to every forked copy of C<mysqldump>: L<"--defaults-file">, L<"--host">,
L<"--port">, L<"--socket">, L<"--user">, L<"--password">.  If you write your own
command-line, you will need to specify them manually.

If you specify the L<"--tab"> option, mk-parallel-dump creates separate files
that hold views and triggers, so they can be restored correctly (this is not
currently possible with the C<mysqldump> from MySQL AB, which will restore
triggers before restoring data).  Otherwise it does I<not> back up your entire
database; it dumps tables and data I<only>.  It does not dump view definitions
or stored routines.  However, if you dump the C<mysql> database, you'll be
dumping the stored routines anyway.

Exit status is 0 if everything went well, 1 if any chunks failed, and any
other value indicates an internal error.

mk-parallel-dump doesn't clean out any destination directories before
dumping into them.  You can move away the old destination, then remove it
after a successful dump, with a shell script like the following:

   #!/bin/sh
   CNT=`ls | grep -c old`;
   if [ -d default ]; then mv default default.old.$CNT;
   mk-parallel-dump
   if [ $? != 0 ]
   then
      echo "There were errors, not purging old sets."
   else
      echo "No errors during dump, purging old sets."
      rm -rf default.old.*
   fi

=head1 BACKUP SETS

Backup sets are groups of logically related tables you want to backup together.
You specify a set by inserting the table names into a table in the MySQL server
from which you're dumping, and then naming it in the L<"--sets"> option.
mk-parallel-dump always works a set at a time; if you don't specify a set, it
auto-discovers tables, filters them with the various command-line options
(L<"--databases">, etc) and considers them the default set.

The table that stores backup sets should have at least these columns: setname,
priority, db, tbl.  The following is a suggested table structure:

  CREATE TABLE backupset (
    setname  CHAR(10)  NOT NULL,
    priority INT       NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    db       CHAR(64)  NOT NULL,
    tbl      CHAR(64)  NOT NULL,
    ts       TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY(setname, db, tbl),
    KEY(setname, priority, db, tbl)
  );

Entries are ordered by priority, db, and tbl.  Priority 0 tables are dumped
first, not last.  If it looks like tables are dumped in the wrong order, it's
probably because they're being dumped asynchronously.  The output is printed
when the dump finishes, not when it starts.

If you specify L<"--age">, mk-parallel-dump expects the C<ts> column to
exist, and will update the column to the current date and time when it
successfully dumps a table.

Don't use C<default> as a set name.  It is used when you don't specify any
sets and when you want all tables not explicitly assigned to a set to be
dumped (see L<"--defaultset">).

Set names may contain only lowercase letters, numbers, and underscores.

=head1 CHUNKS

mk-parallel-dump can break your tables into chunks when dumping, and put
approximately the amount of data you specify into each chunk.  This is useful to
avoid enormous files for restoration, which can not only take a long time but
may be a lot of extra work for transactional storage engines like InnoDB.  A
huge file can create a huge rollback segment in your tablespace.

To dump in chunks, specify the L<"--chunksize"> option.  This option is an
integer with an optional suffix.  Without the suffix, it's the number of rows
you want in each chunk.  With the suffix, it's the approximate size of the data.

mk-parallel-dump tries to use index statistics to calculate where the
boundaries between chunks should be.  If the values are not evenly distributed,
some chunks can have a lot of rows, and others may have very few or even none.
Some chunks can exceed the size you want.

When you specify the size with a suffix, the allowed suffixes are k, M and G,
for kibibytes, mebibytes, and gibibytes, respectively.  mk-parallel-dump
doesn't know anything about data size.  It asks MySQL (via C<SHOW TABLE STATUS>)
how long an average row is in the table, and converts your option to a number
of rows.

Not all tables can be broken into chunks.  mk-parallel-dump looks for an
index whose leading column is numeric (integers, real numbers, and date and time
types).  It prefers the primary key if its first column is chunk-able.
Otherwise it chooses the first chunk-able column in the table.

Generating a series of C<WHERE> clauses to divide a table into evenly-sized
chunks is difficult.  If you have any ideas on how to improve the algorithm,
please write to the author (see L<"BUGS">).

=head1 MACROS

mk-parallel-dump can insert C<%> variables into arguments.  The available macros
are as follows:

  MACRO  MEANING
  =====  =================
  %S     The backup set
  %D     The database name
  %N     The table name
  %C     The chunk number
  %W     The WHERE clause

You can place a number between the C<%> and the letter.  The macro replacement
then assumes it's a digit and pads it with leading zeroes (in practice, this is
only useful for C<%C>).

=head1 OUTPUT

Output depends on verbosity.  When L<"--test"> is given, output includes
commands that would be executed.

When L<"--verbose"> is 0, there is normally no output unless there's an error.

When L<"--verbose"> is 1, there is one line of output for each backup set,
showing the set, how many tables and chunks were dumped with what status, how
much time elapsed, and how much time the parallel dump jobs added up to.  A
final line shows sums for all sets, unless there is only one set.

When L<"--verbose"> is 2, there is also one line of output for each table.
Each line is printed when a forked "child" process ends and is removed from
the list of children.  The output shows the backup set, database, table,
seconds spent dumping, the exit status of the forked dump process, and number
of current processes (including the one just reaped; so this typically shows
"how many are running in parallel").  A status of 0 indicates success:

  SET     DATABASE TABLE         TIME STATUS THREADS
  default mysql    db               0      0       4
  default mysql    columns_priv     0      0       4
  default mysql    help_category    0      0       3

=head1 SPEED OF PARALLEL DUMPS

How much faster is it to dump in parallel?  That depends on your hardware and
data.  You may be able dump files twice as fast, or more if you have lots of
disks and CPUs.  Here are some user-contributed figures.

The following table is for a 3.6GHz Xeon machine with 4 processors and a RAID-10
array of 15k disks, directly attached to the server with a fibre channel.  Most
of the space is in one huge table that wasn't dumped in parallel:

  COMMAND                      SIZE  TIME
  --------------------------  -----  ----
  mk-parallel-dump            1.4GB   269
  mysqldump                   1.4GB   345

On the same machine, in a database with lots of roughly equal-sized tables:

  COMMAND                      SIZE  TIME
  --------------------------  -----  ----
  mk-parallel-dump            117MB     7
  mysqldump                   117MB    37

It doesn't always work that well.  A dual 2.80GHz Xeon server with a RAID-5
array of three 7200RPM SATA disk drives running MySQL 5.0.38 on GNU/Linux
achieved the following dump times:

  COMMAND                      SIZE  TIME
  --------------------------  -----  ----
  mk-parallel-dump            3.0GB  2596
  mysqldump | gzip --fast     3.0GB  3195

While dumping two threads in parallel, this machine was at an average of 74%
CPU utilization and 12% I/O wait.  This machine doesn't have enough disks and
CPUs to do that many things at once, so it's not going to speed up much.

Dumping lots of tiny tables by forking of lots of C<mysqldump> processes isn't
usually much faster, because of the overhead of starting C<mysqldump>,
connecting, inspecting the table, and dumping it.  Note that tab-separated
dumps are typically much faster and don't suffer as much from the effects of
many tiny tables, because they're not done via C<mysqldump>.

See also L<http://www.paragon-cs.com/wordpress/?p=52> for a test of parallel
dumping and restoring.

=head1 OPTIONS

Some options can be disabled by prefixing them with C<--no>, such as
C<--no-gzip>.

=over

=item --age

Specifies how 'old' a table must be before mk-parallel-dump will consider
it.

When L<"--sets"> is not specified, mk-parallel-dump uses C<SHOW TABLE STATUS>
instead of C<SHOW TABLES> to get a list of tables in each database, and compares
the time to the C<Update_time> column in the output.  If the C<Update_time>
column is not C<NULL> and is older than the specified interval ago, it will not
be dumped.  Thus, it means "dump tables that have changed since X amount of
time" (presumably the last regular backup).  This means the table will always be
dumped if it uses InnoDB or another storage engine that doesn't report the
C<Update_time>.

When L<"--sets"> is specified, the L<"--settable"> table determines when a table
was last dumped, and the meaning of C<--age> reverses; it becomes "dump tables
not dumped in X amount of time."

=item --basedir

The directory in which files will be stored.  If you use pre-canned options,
such as L<"--tab">, mk-parallel-dump knows what the eventual filenames will
be, and can place all the files in this directory.  It will also create any
parent directories that don't exist, if needed (see also L<"--umask">).

The default is the current working directory.

If you write your own command line, mk-parallel-dump cannot know which
arguments in the command line are filenames, and thus doesn't know the
eventual destination of the dump files.  It does not try to create parent
directories in this case.

=item --binlogpos

Dump binary log positions from both C<SHOW MASTER STATUS> and C<SHOW SLAVE
STATUS>, whichever can be retrieved from the server.  The data is dumped to a
file named F<00_master_data.sql>.  This is done for each backup set.

The file also contains details of each table dumped, including the WHERE clauses
used to dump it in chunks.

This option is enabled by default.

=item --charset

Enables character set settings in Perl and MySQL.  If the value is C<utf8>, sets
Perl's binmode on STDOUT to utf8, passes the C<mysql_enable_utf8> option to
DBD::mysql, and runs C<SET NAMES UTF8> after connecting to MySQL.  Any other
value sets binmode on STDOUT without the utf8 layer, and runs C<SET NAMES> after
connecting to MySQL.

=item --chunksize

Specifies that the table should be dumped in segments of approximately the size
given.  The syntax is either a plain integer, which is interpreted as a number
of rows per chunk, or an integer with a suffix of G, M, or k, which is
interpreted as the size of the data to be dumped in each chunk.  See L<"CHUNKS">
for more details.

=item --csv

Changes L<"--tab"> options so the dump file is in comma-separated values
(CSV) format.  The SELECT INTO OUTFILE statement looks like the following, and
can be re-loaded with the same options:

   SELECT * INTO OUTFILE %D.%N.%6C.txt
   FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '\"'
   LINES TERMINATED BY '\n' FROM %D.%N;

This option implies L<"--tab">.

=item --databases

Dump this comma-separated list of databases.

=item --dbregex

Dump only databases whose names match this Perl regular expression.

=item --defaultset

When L<"--sets"> is given, this option makes mk-parallel-dump dump a
C<default> set consisting of tables not explicitly included in any set.

=item --defaults-file

Only read default options from the given file.  You must give an absolute
pathname.

=item --flushlock

Lock all tables globally with C<FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK>.  This is enabled
by default, unless you're dumping sets (see L<"--sets">).  This lock is taken
once, at the beginning of the whole process, and is never released.

If you want to lock only the tables you're dumping, use L<"--locktables">.  

=item --flushlog

Execute C<FLUSH LOGS> after locking and before dumping master/slave binary log
positions.  This is done for each backup set.

This option is NOT enabled by default because it causes the MySQL server to
rotate its error log, potentially overwriting error messages.

=item --gzip

Compresses files with gzip.  This is enabled by default unless your platform is
Win32.  By default, this causes the standard SQL dumps to be piped to gzip's
C<STDIN> and the result is redirected to the destination file.  If this option
isn't enabled, by default C<mysqldump>'s C<--result-file> parameter is used to
direct the dump to the destination file.  When using L<"--tab">, this option
causes gzip to be called separately on each resulting file after it is dumped
(because C<SELECT INTO OUTFILE> cannot be directed to a pipe).

=item --help

Displays a help message.

=item --host

Connect to host.

=item --ignoredb

Do not dump this comma-separated list of databases.

=item --ignoreengine

Do not dump any data for this comma-separated list of storage engines.  The
schema file will be dumped as usual.

The default value is C<FEDERATED,MRG_MyISAM>.  This prevents dumping data for
Federated tables and Merge tables.

=item --ignoretbl

Do not dump this comma-separated list of table names.  Table names may be
qualified with the database name.

=item --locktables

Disables L<"--flushlock"> (unless it was explicitly set) and locks tables with
C<LOCK TABLES READ>.  Enabled by default when L<"--sets"> is specified.  The
lock is taken and released with every set of tables dumped.

=item --losslessfp

Wraps double and float types with a call to C<FORMAT()> with 17 digits of
precision.  According to the comments in Google's patches, this will give
lossless dumping and reloading in most cases.  (I shamelessly stole this
technique from them.  I don't know enough about floating-point math to have an
opinion).

This works only with L<"--tab">.

=item --numthread

Specifies the number of parallel processes to run.  The default is 2 (this is
mk-parallel-dump, after all -- 1 is not parallel).  On GNU/Linux machines,
the default is the number of times 'processor' appears in F</proc/cpuinfo>.  On
Windows, the default is read from the environment.  In any case, the default is
at least 2, even when there's only a single processor.

=item --password

Password to use when connecting.

=item --port

Port number to use for connection.

=item --quiet

Sets L<"--verbose"> to 0.

=item --sets

Dump this comma-separated list of backup sets, in order.  Requires
L<"--settable">.  See L<"BACKUP SETS">.  The special C<default> set is
reserved; don't use it as a set name.

=item --setperdb

Specifies that each database is a separate backup set.  Each set is named the
same as the database.  Implies L<"--locktables">.

=item --settable

Specifies the table in which backup sets are kept.  It may be given in
database.table form.

=item --setvars

Specify any variables you want to be set immediately after connecting to MySQL.
These will be included in a C<SET> command.

=item --socket

Socket file to use for connection.

=item --tab

Dump via C<SELECT INTO OUTFILE>, which is similar to what C<mysqldump> does with
the C<--tab> option, but you're not constrained to a single database at a time.

Before you use this option, make sure you know what C<SELECT INTO OUTFILE> does!
I recommend using it only if you're running mk-parallel-dump on the same
machine as the MySQL server, but there is no protection if you don't.

The files will be gzipped after dumping if L<"--gzip"> is enabled.  This option
sets L<"--umask"> to zero so auto-created directories are writable by the MySQL
server.

Triggers are dumped into C<.trg> files, and views are postponed until the end of
the dump, then dumped all together into the C<00_views.sql> file.  This allows
restoring data before the triggers, which is important for restoring data
accurately.  Views must be postponed until the end and dumped together so they
can be restored correctly; interdependencies between views and tables may
prevent correct restoration otherwise.

=item --tables

Dump this comma-separated list of table names.  Table names may be qualified
with the database name.

=item --tblregex

Dump only tables whose names match this Perl regular expression.

=item --test

Print commands instead of executing them.

=item --umask

Set the program's C<umask> to this octal value.  This is useful when you want
created files and directories to be readable or writable by other users (for
example, the MySQL server itself).

=item --user

User for login if not current user.

=item --verbose

Sets the verbosity; repeatedly specifying it increments the verbosity.
Default is 1 if not specified.  See L<"OUTPUT">.

=item --version

Output version information and exit.

=item --wait

If the MySQL server crashes during dumping, waits until the server comes back
and then continues with the rest of the tables.  C<mk-parallel-dump> will
check the server every second until this time is exhausted, at which point it
will give up and exit.

This implements Peter Zaitsev's "safe dump" request: sometimes a dump on a
server that has corrupt data will kill the server.  mk-parallel-dump will
wait for the server to restart, then keep going.  It's hard to say which table
killed the server, so no tables will be retried.  Tables that were being
concurrently dumped when the crash happened will not be retried.  No additional
locks will be taken after the server restarts; it's assumed this behavior is
useful only on a server you're not trying to dump while it's in production.

=back

=head1 ENVIRONMENT

The environment variable C<MKDEBUG> enables verbose debugging output in all of
the Maatkit tools:

   MKDEBUG=1 mk-....

=head1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

You need Perl, DBI, DBD::mysql, and some core packages that ought to be
installed in any reasonably new version of Perl.

This program works best on GNU/Linux.  Filename quoting might not work well on
Microsoft Windows if you have spaces or funny characters in your database or
table names.

=head1 BUGS

Please use the Sourceforge bug tracker, forums, and mailing lists to request
support or report bugs: L<http://sourceforge.net/projects/maatkit/>.

=head1 COPYRIGHT, LICENSE AND WARRANTY

This program is copyright (c) 2007 Baron Schwartz.  Feedback and improvements
are welcome.

THIS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation, version 2; OR the Perl Artistic License.  On UNIX and similar
systems, you can issue `man perlgpl' or `man perlartistic' to read these
licenses.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA.

=head1 AUTHOR

Baron Schwartz.

=head1 SEE ALSO

See also L<mk-parallel-restore>.

=head1 VERSION

This manual page documents Ver 1.0.7 Distrib 1877 $Revision: 1871 $.

=cut
